ISSN 1995-4301(Print)
ISSN 2618-8406
(Online)
Current issues:
Online version of the journal
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Select viewing optionsStripping voltammetric deterction of antioxidants by the degree of reduction in the peak area of hydrogen peroxide |
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| A.I. Fokina, M.A. Zaitsev, S.S. Kozachok, M.Yu. Kukhno | ||||
| Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts |
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| Currently the oxidative stress theory is a key to explaining the mechanisms of negative environmental impacts on human health. This led to growing interest in studying the antioxidant properties of various food products, dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals. Plant-based materials and products are of particular focus. Plants that have long established themselves as sources of valuable biologically active compounds, including those with antioxidant properties, grow on the territory of the Kirov Oblast. Such plants include various species of conifers and Hippophae rhamnoides L. Electrochemical methods, particularly stripping voltammetry deserve priority attention as they allow simulation of conditions close to those in a living organism. The aim of this work was to study the possibility of detecting antioxidants (AOs) in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 6.8) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide using a rotating disk electrode. The metrological characteristics of the method for AOs detecting in ethanol solutions were established by the standard addition method based on the degree of reduction of the hydrogen peroxide peak on the voltammogram after AOs addition. The obtained data and proposed methodological approaches can be useful in environmental studies of the antioxidant activity of various plant objects and in the interpretation of results, since they allow to assess both the value of the raw material as a source of AOs and various factors affecting the plants state. | ||||
| Keywords: antioxidants, polyphenols, stripping voltammetry, extracts, coniferous plants, Hippophae rhamnoides L. |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-048-053 |
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On the application of artificial intelligence and large language models in soil and environmental research: a review |
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| N.A. Bokov, I.G. Shirokikh | ||||
| Section: Theoretical problems of ecology |
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| In recent years, scientific research has seen the rapid development of methods based on artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs), which are capable of processing and interpreting significant volumes of text and structured information, including tables, numerical and categorical data, and sensor data and other heterogeneous information, using specialized and multimodal AI systems. Soil ecology, as a field characterized by the rapid accumulation of heterogeneous data, including the results of metagenomic analyses of soil microbiomes, can potentially benefit significantly from the application of such tools. The aim of this review is to identify, analyze, and summarize current approaches to the use of AI and LLM technologies in soil and environmental research. The review examines the main areas of AI application, including scientific literature search and analysis, semantic search for relevant publications, citation mapping, text summarization, and the use of generative AI assistants. Particular attention is paid to the application of AI methods in the analysis of soil microbiomes and to the potential use of metagenomic data for predicting soil fertility and agricultural productivity. The challenges associated with adapting AI methods originally developed for biomedical research to the specific characteristics of soil and environmental datasets are also considered. The key advantages of these approaches, their limitations, and potential methodological risks, including those related to data quality and the reliability of AI-generated information, are discussed. Despite the need for further improvement and optimization of currently available AI and LLM technologies, the literature review demonstrates their significant potential for advancing soil and environmental research and supporting practical applications in agriculture. | ||||
| Keywords: artificial intelligence, neural networks, machine learning, large language models, microbial ecology, soil microbiome, metagenomics, agricultural production |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-017-030 |
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Comprehensive assessment of drinking water quality at water intake sites |
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| T.V. Shevkunova, S.S. Katin, E.N. Patova | ||||
| Section: Chemistry of natural environments and objects |
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| The aim of this work is a comprehensive assessment of the Vychegda River water quality at the sites of Syktyvkar water intake facilities (Station 1 – Krasnaya Gora and Station 2 – Ezhvinskiy District). The study is based on data from a two-year (2022–2023) monthly monitoring program conducted at two stations located in the areas of active water intakes. The main hydrochemical (pH, color, turbidity, total dissolved solids, hardness, BOD5, COD, total Fe, Mn, Zn, As, Al, Pb, pesticides, phenols, formaldehyde, Cl–, SO42–, F–) and microbiological (total coliform bacteria, TCB) parameters were analyzed. The river’s hydrochemical regime has pronounced seasonal dynamics, with peak values of color, turbidity, and organic indicators (COD) during the spring flood period. The river water is classified as low-mineralized. A key finding is the identification of consistent exceedance of hygienic standards (maximum permissible concentrations, MPC) for total Fe (up to 2.7 mg/dm3) and Mn (up to 0.9 mg/dm3) throughout the studied section at both stations, as well as periodic significant exceedance for color (up to 160°), COD (up to 58 mgO2/dm3), and microbiological indicators (TCB up to 700 CFU/100 cm3). The obtained data indicate that the main deterioration in water quality is due to natural factors (humic runoff, metal leaching); however, the identified spatial differences point to the presence of localized anthropogenic impacts. It is concluded that a differentiated approach to water treatment at the intakes is necessary, with mandatory removal of Fe, Mn, and organic compounds, as well as enhanced control during the flood period. | ||||
| Keywords: water quality, drinking water supply, surface water, hydrochemical parameters, MPC exceedance, water monitoring |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-105-112 |
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Resorcinol adsorption onsapropel-based sorbents |
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| I.V. Zykova, V.A. Isakov, N.M. Mishina, Ya.N. Manurikov | ||||
| Section: Chemistry of natural environments and objects |
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| Comprehensive wastewater treatment from various pollutants is an urgent problem, and the development of new sorbents is of great scientific and practical importance. Sorbents based on sapropel were obtained: thermally oxidized sapropel, humic acids isolated from sapropel, thermally oxidized sapropel modified with humic acids, organomineral composite material based on thermally oxidized sapropel and bentonite. Resorcinol adsorption from model solutions with concentrations from 1 · 10-5 to 1 · 10-2mol/dm3 onsapropel-based sorbents was carried out under static conditions at a ratio of 1 g of sorbent per 200 cm3 of solution. It is shown that the limiting stage of resorcinol adsorption onsapropel-based sorbents is mixed diffusion. The adsorption theories of Langmuir, Freundlich, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Dubinin–Radradkevich are applicable to describe the resorcinol adsorption onsapropel-based sorbents. Taking into account the values of the activation energy and thermodynamic parameters of resorcinol adsorption, the obtained sapropel-based sorbents can be considered as the mechanism of resorcinol adsorption on the surface and physical adsorption due to volumetric filling of micro- and mesopores, as well as cavities. Resorcinol can also form covalent and hydrogen bonds with silicate and aluminosilicate groups, and hydrogen bonds with amino groups with sapropel-based sorbents. Therefore, it is quite difficult to separate the contribution of physical adsorption and possible chemical interactions of functional groups of sapropel-based sorbents with resorcinol. Limiting values of resorcinol adsorption onsapropel-based sorbents calculated by the BET equation (0.25–1.00 mmol/ g) and the Dubinin–Radushkevich equation (0.52–2.60 mmol/g), comparable to other developed sorbents. | ||||
| Keywords: adsorption, thermally oxidized sapropel, humic acids, bentonite clay, modified sorbent, resorcinol |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-113-122 |
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Copper toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894 under increased mineralization and high organic matter content |
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| A.M. Sheromov, R.A. Lozhkina, A.S. Olkova | ||||
| Section: Ecotoxicology |
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| The variability in toxicity of the same hazardous substance across different environments due to the influence of additional factors is a key challenge in bioassay. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water mineralization and organic matter content on copper toxicity to the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894. Test organisms were exposed to waters amended with CuSO4·5H2O (0.005, 0.01 and 0.025 mg/L Cu2+). Sodium chloride (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/L) and potassium humate (0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 %) were added to the above solutions to assess the effect of mineralization and organic matter. The effect of mineralization on copper toxicity was twofold. A moderate increase in mineralization (0.5 g/L NaCl) significantly reduced copper toxicity, as evidenced by decreased C. dubia mortality at 0.005 and 0.025 mg/L Cu2+ (p < 0.05). Conversely, high mineralization (2.0 g/L NaCl) combined with a high copper content (0.025 mg/L) resulted in 100 % mortality. Furthermore, C. dubia fertility showed a consistent negative correlation with increasing mineralization. Organic matter addition reduces mortality and enhances reproductive output in C. dubia. This effect was most pronounced at the highest Cu2+ concentration (0.025 mg/L). Specifically, Ceriodaphnia brood size in treatments supplemented with 0.5 %, 1 % and 2.5 % potassium humate was 6.9, 6.7 and 3.2 times higher than in the corresponding control, respectively. | ||||
| Keywords: copper, sodium chloride, potassium humate, mineralization, organic matter, combined effect of substances, bioassay, aquatic environment, Ceriodaphnia dubia |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-184-190 |
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Evaluation of environment-forming functions of wetland ecosystems in the Altai State Nature Biosphere Reserve |
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| E.P. Chertkova, D.G. Zamolodchikov | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems, providing a wide range of regulating services, among which the water purification function plays a key role in maintaining the hydrological regime of territories. However, the economic value of these services for protected areas remains insufficiently studied. The aim of this work is to determine the economic value of the water purification function of the mire ecosystems in the Altai State Natural Biosphere Reserve (ASNBR). The work is based on a comparative assessment of the ecological and economic efficiency of natural and technological water treatment systems. The object of the study is the mire ecosystems of the ASNBR, covering a total area of 3,299 hectares. During the 2024 field season, in situ hydrochemical studies were conducted to determine the quality of water entering the mire systems and formed after filtration through them. The closed-cycle treatment plant “Veksa-20-M” was selected as a technological analogue, ensuring water purification to fishery reservoir standards, which corresponds to the target water quality at the outlet of the mire ecosystems. Cost calculations for the technological system were performed considering the full life cycle of the equipment (capital costs, depreciation, operating expenses). The filtration volume of the mires was determined based on their area, specific filtration capacity (685 m3/ha/day), and the duration of the frost-free period (121 days). Hydrochemical studies confirmed that the water quality at the outlet of the mire systems meets fishery standards: suspended solids content is 2–6 mg/L, nitrate concentration is 0.2–2.1 mg/L. The total annual volume of water filtered by the ASNBR mire ecosystems reached 273.4 million m3. The unit cost of water treatment using the technological analogue, considering its full life cycle, was determined to be 1.35 rubles/m3. The economic equivalent of the mires’ water purification function is estimated at 369 million rubles/year. Comparative analysis revealed that, with comparable final treatment quality, the natural system is 430 times more productive than the technological one, requires no capital investment, is energy-independent, and, unlike the industrial plant, generates no toxic waste. For the first time, a quantitative assessment of the water purification function has been performed for the mire ecosystems of the ASNBR, based on a comparison with a technological analogue considering its full life cycle | ||||
| Keywords: ecosystem services, filtering capacity, wetlands, specially protected areas, economic valuation, natural capital, water purification functions |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-095-104 |
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Greenhouse gases fluxes from (sub) tropical blue carbon ecosystems: a review |
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| G.D. Vatutin, E.A. Filimonenko | ||||
| Section: Theoretical problems of ecology |
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| Blue carbon ecosystems are crucial for global carbon cycle. Fluxes of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) from subtropical and tropical coastal wetlands revealed that these ecosystems act as net sources, with mean emission rates of 187 ± 19 mg CO2/m²/h, 7.6 ± 1.0 mg CH4/m²/h, and 0.13 ± 0.05 mg N2O/m²/h. Greenhouse gas emission rates decrease with increasing water salinity and soil pH shifts towards acidic or alkaline values. In subtropical coastal wetlands, lower both soil temperatures and organic matter content during the winter decrease emission rates of carbon dioxide and methane. In subtropical coastal wetlands lower both soil temperatures and organic matter content during the winter decrease emission rates of carbon dioxide and methane. In the tropical zone, high emission of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide are observed during the dry season, whereas methane emissions peak during the wet season. Coastal wetlands located in tropical monsoon climates exhibit significantly higher carbon dioxide and methane emissions compared to those in tropical rainforest (constantly humid) and tropical savanna (seasonally humid) climate types. Among coastal wetland ecosystems in the tropics and subtropics, freshwater marshes and coastal swamps are characterized by the highest emission rates of climatically active gases. | ||||
| Keywords: climate-active gases, coastal wetlands, tropics, subtropics |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-006-016 |
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Ichthyofauna and fish population in the Koigorodsky National Park rivers |
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| V.I. Ponomarev | ||||
| Section: Population ecology |
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| For the first time, information has been obtained on the composition of the ichthyofauna and the structure of the fish population in the main watercourses of the Koygorodsky Federal National Park (KFNP), which was established in 2019. The KFNP territory is characterized by a dense network of small forest rivers and streams in the basins of the Kobra and Vyatka rivers, which are part of the Volga River system. The KFNP also includes the headwaters of the Senyuk River (which is part of the Northern Dvina River system). Field studies were conducted in September–October 2020, March–June 2021, April and October 2023, and August 2025, using classical research methods. In total, 11 fish species of five families have been identified in the KFNP watercourses: Alburnus alburnus, Gobio gobio, Leuciscus idus, Leuciscus leuciscus, Rutilus rutilus, Phoxinus phoxinus, Esox lucius, Lota lota, Barbatula barbatula, Gimnocephalus cernua, and Perca fluviatilis. Rutilus rutilus dominates everywhere in the Suran River, and G. cernua plays the role of a subdominant. Two species – A. alburnus and R. rutilus predominate in the upper reaches of the Letka River. Gobio gobio dominates, and the G. cernua being slightly less common in the sections of the Mytets River within the KFNP territory. The fish population is represented by a single species, P. phoxinus in the upper reaches of the Senyuk River. The resource potential of the fish population is noted to be poor in the upper reaches of the Mytets and Letka rivers. In the future, it is promising to conduct studies of the fish population in the KFNP’s rivers during different seasons, with a particular focus on the Fedorovka River basin located in the southern part of the reserve. | ||||
| Keywords: fish fauna, fish population, small rivers, specially protected natural areas |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-200-207 |
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Bioindication of mercury pollution in the Bureya Reservoir after the winter landslide |
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| L.M. Kondratyeva, D.V. Andreeva, Z.N. Litvinenko | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| In December 2018, at a temperature of -32 оC, a giant landslide with a volume of 24.5 million m3 occurred on the Bureya Reservoir (BR). The landslide triggered tsunami and forest destruction, blocking water access to the Bureya Hydroelectric Power Station. An artificial channel was created as a result of blasting operations. The landslide acted as a biogeochemical barrier and a significant factor affecting water quality due to the water interaction with crushed rock and the influx of large volumes of plant debris and organic matter from the destroyed soil cover. The scale of the impact on the BR ecosystem is difficult to assess without a modern integrated approach based on a combination of biological and physicochemical methods. In the summer of 2022, ecological studies in situ and in vitro using microbiological and spectral methods were conducted on the BR. Microbial complexes and individual strains of cultured heterotrophic bacteria isolated from different habitats (surface and bottom water layers; bays filled with wood) served as bioindication objects of the BR state at the research sites. 62 bacterial strains were isolated from water samples in the landslide-affected zone. About 50 % of the strains were Hg-resistant and grew in the presence of 100 mg/L Hg(NO3)2. The strains of sulfatereducing bacteria that were found in bays with floating wood showed maximum resistance to mercury pollution. We use spectrophotometric method (Shimadzu UV-3600) to assess the activity of microbial transformation of the model sodium humate in the presence of mercury. Bacterial strains isolated from bottom water from a depth of 65 m transform the aromatic component of sodium humate into precursors of toxic volatile compounds that contribute methylmercury formation. Sulfate-reducing bacteria with increased Hg-resistance recommended as bioindicators of the long-term environmental risk of mercury pollution in the BR landslide zone. | ||||
| Keywords: landslide, reservoir, microbial complexes, humic substances, methylmercury |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-087-094 |
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Effect of natural anthocyanin on Drosophila melanogaster lifespan and resistance to ionizing radiation |
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| D.A. Golubev, E.Y. Platonova, N.V. Zemskaya,O.G. Shevchenko, M.V. Shaposhnikov, P.S. Tumaeva, S.A. Patov, A.A. Moskalev | ||||
| Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts |
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| Natural bioactive compounds are considered promising agents for increasing lifespan and improving organismal resistance to environmental stressors; however, the mechanisms underlying their geroprotective effects remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we evaluated the biological activity of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a natural anthocyanin isolated from honeysuckle berries, using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. The aim of the work was to determine the effects of C3G on lifespan, resistance to γ-irradiation and oxidative stress, as well as to assess possible molecular and antioxidant mechanisms of its action. Adult flies were maintained on a standard nutrient medium supplemented with C3G at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 μmol/L. Lifespan parameters, survival after exposure to γ-irradiation, resistance to paraquat-induced oxidative stress, and the expression of stress-response gene were analyzed. In addition, the antioxidant activity of C3G was evaluated in vitro using biochemical test systems. Dietary supplementation with C3G at a concentration of 100 μmol/L increased the median lifespan of male flies by 9 % (p < 0.05). The compound also enhanced male resistance to γ-irradiation by up to 9 % (p < 0.001) and increased survival under oxidative stress conditions by up to 30 % (p < 0.01). Gene expression analysis revealed activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms, including increased expression of the transcription factor Nrf2 and the antioxidant enzyme prx5. In vitro assays confirmed that C3G inhibited lipid peroxidation, reduced reactive oxygen species formation, and protected oxyhemoglobin from oxidative damage. Thus, C3G exhibits sex-dependent geroprotective and stress–protective effects, which may be associated with both direct antioxidant activity and activation of endogenous stress-response pathways. | ||||
| Keywords: cyanidin-3-glucoside, Drosophila melanogaster, lifespan, stress resistance, antioxidant activity |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-054-064 |
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36, Moskovskya street, Kirov, 610000, Editorial Board "Theoretical and Applied Ecology." Phone/fax: (8332) 37-02-77 e-mail: envjournal@vyatsu.ru The journal was founded in 2007 |
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