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	Scientific and practical approaches to functional zoning of the Pizhemskiy State Nature Reserve (Kirov Oblast)
	Е.А. Domnina, S.V. Shabalkina, O.N. Perestoronina, A.S. Timonov
	Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts
	Pizhemskiy State Nature Reserve (SNR) located in the Kirov Region. A scheme of its functional zoning is proposed. The Pizhemskiy SNR is of particular importance for preserving aquatic biocenoses and unique natural objects in the middle and lower reaches of the Vyatka River, as well as for preserving and reproducing rare and endangered plant and animal species. The reserve includes a large number of notable objects that have been declared natural monuments. The territory of the Pizhemskiy SNR was surveyed in the summer of 2025. The survey included rafting on the Pizhma and Nemda rivers, as well as ground trips and hiking routes. The study identified anthropogenic impact at 86 sites and assessed the recreational load in areas with unique landscapes and rare plant species. The intensity of anthropogenic impact can be assessed as high in the areas of the main visited natural sites and complexes, as well as in the regularly used camping recreation sites on the banks of the Nemda River, and in two locations on the banks of the Pizhma River. In the remaining areas of the shore within the boundaries of the water protection zone, the recreational load is irregular and moderately intense. Based on a comprehensive study and analysis of published and archival materials, legislation, regulatory legal documents, extracts from the Unified State Register of Real Estate, time-series satellite images from the Internet resources Google Earth PRO and SAS.Planet, as well as the results of our own field surveys within the reserve, it is proposed to allocate three functional zones: recreation zone; economic use zone; special protection zone. The developed functional zoning scheme will help preserve favorable conditions for natural complexes and landscapes, the existence of populations of rare and endangered species, and ensure rational environmental management.
	Keywords: nature reserve, natural monument, anthropogenic impact, recreational load, functional zoning
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	Article published in number 2 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-058-066
	Views: 3
	Antibiotic resistance profiles of streptomyces from different soils of the Vyatka Prikamye
	I.G. Shirokikh, N.A. Bokov, A.A. Shirokikh, T.Ya. Ashikhmina
	Section: Population ecology
	The spread of antibiotic resistance among infection-causing bacteria poses the risk of losing the effectiveness of antibiotics as medicines. New knowledge about bacterial resistance in soil, as a natural reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes, can contribute to solving this global health and veterinary problem, where the trait can be transferred to clinically significant pathogenic species due to horizontal gene transfer. The profiles of the phenotypic resistance of typical soil bacteria, actinomycetes, to a specific set of antibiotics from different classes and different mechanisms of action are characterized in a comparative aspect. In total, the stability profiles of 152 natural isolates obtained from soils of different districts of the Kirov region were determined. The source for their isolation was soil samples taken from specially protected natural areas (natural ecosystems) and sites typifying various types of economic activity (transformed ecosystems). Equal samples of isolates with features characteristic of the genus Streptomyces were analyzed from each soil sample. Using multidimensional statistical methods, it was shown that the level of Streptomyces resistance to each of the seven antibiotics (nalidixic acid, tetracycline, polymyxin, trimethoprim, lincomycin, amoxicillin, and streptomycin) significantly (p < 0.05) determines both the geographical area of strain isolation and the type of ecosystem (natural or transformed). A general pattern in the surveyed area was the high efficacy of streptomycin and tetracycline, and the low Streptomyces low sensitivity to nalidixic acid. Natural forest ecosystems, as well as economically transformed ecosystems, are enriched with Streptomyces strains with multiple antibiotic resistance. The practical significance of the results obtained for ecology and monitoring lies in the statistically proven possibility of using the stability of soil Streptomyces as an indicator of anthropogenic load on the soil.
	Keywords: antibiotics, resistance, soil resistance, Streptomyces, natural ecosystem, economic use, statistical analysis
	Article published in number 2 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-183-191
	Views: 2
	Photosynthetic apparatus state and oxidative stress level in needles of Abies sibirica L. at different stages of tree dieback infested with the four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandford) in forest stands of the Perm Krai
	M.A. Shelyakin, E.V. Garmash, E.V. Silina, K.V. Yadrikhinsky, E.E. Rotermel, L.A. Ivanchina
	Section: Population ecology
	The invasive stem pest, four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus, drives the Abies sibirica L. massive dieback in the Russian taiga zone. Early detection of infestation hotspots requires the development of rapid remote sensing methods and novel vegetation indices sensitive to changes in the physiological and biochemical parameters of needles. Research was completed across 15 sites in coniferous-broadleaf forests in the Perm Krai. The following categories of fir tree sanitary condition (CSC) were identified: healthy (I), weakened (II), severely weakened (III), dying (IV); and among dead trees: recent deadwood (V) and old deadwood (VI). We assessed the photosynthetic apparatus state in the needles by photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Oxidative stress level was evaluated by measuring H2O2 and lipid peroxidation products concentration in the needles. In the needles of the I–III CSC trees, with increasing desiccation rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters reflecting the efficiency of light energy using (Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, ETR) tended to decrease while photosynthetic pigment content and ratios were stable. Concurrently, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) and pro-oxidant content slightly increased, indicating a mobilization of protective mechanisms. Significant damage of the photosynthetic apparatus, characterized by chlorophyll degradation, weakened photosynthetic activity, and increased oxidative reactions, was recorded in the dying trees’ (CSC IV) needles. In the needles of dead trees (V–VI), pigment content dropped sharply, photosynthesis ceased, and pro-oxidant level declined markedly, indicating the cessation of vital processes. Prospects for using parameters of the photosynthetic apparatus and the pro-oxidant status of fir needles are outlined for creating remote monitoring models based on the spectral reflectance of tree crowns.
	Keywords: Abies sibirica, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, dieback, Polygraphus proximus
	Article published in number 2 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-200-209
	Views: 2
	Weather during the growing season affect photosynthesis and evapotranspiration in the cowberry-lichen pine forest of the middle taiga subzone
	S.V. Zagirova, M.N. Miglovets, R.G. Guluaev
	Section: Ecology and climate change
	Ecosystem CO2 and H2O fluxes were measured during the growing season using the turbulent pulsation method in a cowberry-lichen pine forest in the Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve in 2021–2023. Temperature and humidity determined interannual differences in gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP) and evapotranspiration (ET). Total ET in May–August of different observation years ranged from 139–240 kg H2O/m2, while total GEP ranged from 1.7–2.4 kg CO2/m2. Ecosystem CO2 and H2O fluxes decreased with increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and precipitation shortages in summer. Increased soil moisture in the first half of the growing season offset the negative impact of summer precipitation deficits on photosynthesis and evapotranspiration. A nonlinear relationship was established between average daily GEPand ET values. Water use efficiency (WUE) for photosynthesis in the cowberry-lichen pine forest varied between 7 and 16 mg CO2/g H2O across years. Balanced CO2 and H2O fluxes determined insignificant variations of WUE throughout the season. The results of long-term observations can be used to verify existing climate models and predict changes in carbon cycle in taiga forests during extreme weather events in the region.
	Keywords: cowberry-lichen pine forest, gross ecosystem photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency for photosynthesis
	Article published in number 2 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-219-228
	Views: 4
	Study of the mechanism of adsorption wastewater treatment from surfactants by modified energy waste to reduce anthropogenic impact on the environment
	R.Ya. Iskhakova, L.A. Nikolaeva
	Section: Ecologization of industry
	The article presents the results of a study of the anionic synthetic surfactants adsorption by energy waste – carbonate sludge from water treatment of thermal power plants, modified by a binding material – paraffin-modified sludge (PMS). Paraffin wax was used as a binding component; it is hydrophobic, insolubil, and has sorption capacity for the absorbed surfactants. It was experimentally established that introduction of the binding component in an amount of 30 wt. % is the most appropriate.The sorption capacity of PMS is 22.1 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm belongs to type I according to the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller classification, which indicates monomolecular adsorption. The constants of adsorption equilibrium, isosteric heats of adsorption were calculated based on Langmuir isotherms. The values of Gibbs free energy were calculated using the Gibbs-Helholtz equation. It was found that the process occurs spontaneously. The main thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorption process were determined, based on which it was established that physical adsorption occurs on the obtained sorption material due to Van der Waals forces. To study the adsorption mechanism on PMS, an experimental determination of kinetic dependencies was carried out. The adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) by PMS is realized by 80–90 % in the first 40–50 minutes. The activation energy of adsorption is 7.64 kJ/mol. The obtained research results can be used to develop the adsorption wastewater treatment technology in industrial enterprises. The environmentally safe proposed technology involves energy waste as secondary material resources and reduces the anthropogenic load on the environment.
	Keywords: wastewater treatment, adsorption, industrial waste, anionic surfactants, thermodynamic characteristics
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	Article published in number 2 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-145-155
	Views: 2
	Anionic toxicants’ effect on Viviparus viviparus L. hepatopancreas tissues
	T.S. Droganova, A.A. Lazareva, L.V. Polikarpova, D.A. Areshidze, N.V. Vasiliev
	Section: Ecotoxicology
	The effect of elevated concentrations of anionic ecotoxicants (using nitrate and arsenate anions as an example) on the morphofunctional state of tissue and the activity of acid phosphatases (AсP) in the Viviparus viviparus L. hepatopancreas was studied. It was found that the phases of AcP activity after exposure to the nitrate and arsenate ions do not coincide with those in the control. Changes in the specific activity of acid phosphatase in the tissues of the hepatopancreas of mollusks were not accompanied by a change in the number of multiple forms and indicated a metabolic disorder in the animals studied. The latter was confirmed by an assessment of the tissues morphofunctional state. When exposed to nitrate anions, there are relatively small phases of increase and decrease in the specific activity of AcP (by 1.5 times compared to the control values). The enzyme activity remains above control values by 96 hours of exposure. Morphological changes are heterogeneous – some epithelial cells are necrotic, in some sites the epithelial cells are hypertrophied, vacuolated, but not destroyed. The exposure to arsenate anions leads to more pronounced tissue pathology (the nuclei of epithelial cells are at different stages of destruction, the tubules are deformed or destroyed, the stroma grows) and a significant change in enzyme specific activity, which does not stabilize even 30 days after the toxicant removal from the water. The AcP activity in V. viviparus can be a marker of toxic effects on living organisms in ecological and biochemical monitoring of freshwater pollution.
	Keywords: ecological and biochemical monitoring, aquatic organisms, Viviparus viviparus, acid phosphatase, enzyme activity, multiple forms of enzymes, nitrate and arsenate anions, morphofunctional state
	Article published in number 2 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-174-182
	Views: 1
	Amphiphilic properties of soil organic matter in the first years after stand cutting
	V.V. Startsev, A.A. Dymov
	Section: Chemistry of natural environments and objects
	The cutting industry is one of the factors that makes a significant contribution to the disruption of forest ecosystems. The aim of the work is to study the hydrophilic and hydrophobic components of organic matter in soils after cutting. The paper presents data on amphiphilicity of organic matter of podzolic soils (Retisols) after clear-cutting with the use of multi-operational harvester/forwarder complexes. The study was conducted on different technological elements of clearcutting: apiary plot and drags (3P – three passes of harvesting equipment, 10P – ten passes, 10P – followed by leveling). Hydrophobic interaction chromatography was used to study the amphiphilic properties of soil organic matter (SOM). It was found that for all sites there is a high content of hydrophilic fractions characterized by high migration and reactivity, both in litter and mineral horizons. Their share increases in the process of reforestation. There is an accumulation of hydrophobic lignin-containing fractions formed as a result of decomposition of plant residues in the soils of windrows. It was found that hydrophobic fractions consisting of lignin–containing compounds have a high degree of correlation with total soil carbon (r = 0.69–0.77, p < 0.05), total nitrogen (r = 0.66–0.79, p < 0.05) and water-soluble carbon fraction (r = 0.45–0.74, p < 0.05). It is shown that organic matter reacts sensitively to anthropogenic load at the level of amphiphilic fractions content, as it significantly differs from the initial indicators after clear-cutting. The accumulation of hydrophobic lignin-containing fractions, formed as a result of decomposition of plant residues, occurs in the soils of windrows as a result of mechanical mixing of the upper mineral horizons with the litter as a result of the passage of heavy wheeled machinery.
	Keywords: continuous cutting, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, Retisols
	Article published in number 2 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-129-136
	Views: 2
	Heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Kama reservoirs in summer 2022
	M.V. Umanskaya, E.S. Krasnova
	Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas
	The paper describes the size-morphological structure and spatial distribution of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Nizhnekamskoe, Votkinskoe and Kamskoe Reservoirs in August – September 2022. The total abundance of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the studied reservoirs varied within the range of (1.91–8.74) · 106 cells/mL (on average (3.8±1.2) · 106 cells/mL), biomass – 44.1–190.8 µg C/L (91.0 ± 29.3 µg C/L), which corresponds to the mesotrophiceutrophic level of productivity. The composition of bacterioplankton was dominated by small single free-floating heterotrophic bacteria, mainly cocci and cocobacilli. Unicellular filamentous cells constantly present in the samples during the observation period, and were an integral component of heterotrophic bacterioplankton, despite their small abundance at most stations. In the mouth areas of the tributaries, the number of bacteria was 1.5–2.0 times higher than in the adjacent areas of the reservoirs. This may be due to the fact that mouth areas are a kind of barrier between the tributary and the reservoir, where transformation and accumulation of river flow occur, i.e. they represent ecotones characterized, among other things, by an increase in the abundance of organisms. Aggregated bacterioplankton was mainly associated with detritus particles and made a significant contribution to the total abundance of bacteria, mainly in the mouth areas of tributaries. Picodetritic particles were constantly present in all samples and exceeded the mass of bacterioplankton by 2.8 times, and their greatest number was found in the mouths of tributaries. The water in all reservoirs of the cascade corresponded to the IV (polluted) quality class in terms of the number of bacterioplankton.
	Keywords: heterotrophic bacteria, detritus, spatial distribution, the Kama reservoirs’ cascade
	Article published in number 2 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-092-099
	Views: 2
	Using microalgae biomass to capture CO2 from flue gases and produce biodiesel: a review
	A.N. Chusov, P.S. Shinkevich, N.A. Politaeva, K.A. Velmozhina, A.M. Oparina, N.V. Zibarev
	Section: Theoretical problems of ecology
	A significant number of industrial enterprises, particularly in the energy sector, emit greenhouse gases, resulting in the formation of large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2). Capturing CO2 contained in flue gases, particularly from thermal and combined heat and power plants, is possible for microalgae cultivation, as their biofixation efficiency is significantly higher than that of plants. Flue gases can serve as a source of CO2 and nutrients for microalgae cultivation. Thus, modern technologies make it possible to convert polluting flue emissions into valuable products. Moreover, microalgae can be used as a basis for creating a range of useful substances, including biodiesel. Vegetable and animal oils are the source of biodiesel today, but these feedstocks cannot fully replace traditional diesel fuel due to the large land resources required for growing oilseeds. Biodiesel is considered a renewable fuel because it can be produced by converting oils. Microalgae convert carbon dioxide and, in some countries, are the only source of biodiesel fuel with the potential to completely replace fossil fuels. This article reviews and analyzes global experience using microalgae to absorb CO2, with potential for using microalgae biomass to produce biodiesel. The undeniable potential of microalgae as a promising technology for significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions from industrial flue gases is substantiated. Microalgal lipids represent a promising feedstock for biodiesel production in the transportation sector. However, successful implementation of this technology requires comprehensive evaluation of cultivation parameters, including flue gas composition, temperature regimes, and selection of appropriate microalgal strains. An economic assessment of biodiesel production from microalgae biomass is presented, demonstrating the feasibility of producing biodiesel from biomass cultivated on a large scale.
	Keywords: biomass, microalgae, carbon dioxide, biofuel, biodiesel
	Article published in number 2 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-016-028
	Views: 1
	Study on environmental water samples for anionic surfactants by high-performance liquid chromatography
	A.V. Streletskiy, D.B. Kamenetskaya, O.N. Savostikova
	Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts
	Results of analysis of various water samples (drinking water, wastewater, and treated wastewater) for anionic surfactants content are presented. The study was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. A comprehensive analytical methodology, including simplified sample preparation, gradient chromatographic separation, mass-spectrometric detection in various modes (including tandem mass spectrometry) is described. Special attention is paid to the anionic surfactants identification using open-access mass-spectrometric databases that based on molecular mass and characteristic fragments. An example of assessing the quantitative composition of contaminants in wastewater before and after treatment is given. It demonstrates the effectiveness of the applied approach. The results of the chromatographic analysis of the wastewater sample revealed anionic surfactants – alkyl-benzene sulfonates (C10-, C11-, and C12-) and alkylsulfates (C14). After wastewater treatment, the concentration of the above substances significantly decreases; a removal efficiency is 97–99 %. The detection of trace amounts of surfactants in the treated water indicates the need for continuous water quality monitoring to assess the level of contamination by anionic surfactants.
	Keywords: anionic surfactants, mass spectrometry, chromatography, wastewater
	Article published in number 2 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-040-047
	Views: 3

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