A topical research trend in ecological biotechnology is the search and study of microorganisms-destructor resistant to additional pollutants and growth-stimulating to remediant-plants. Four strains of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms isolated from soil samples were identified on the basis of cultural-morphological, physiological-biochemical properties and a comparative analysis of the gene encoding 16S rRNA. The bacteria Acinetobacter calcoaceticus UOM 22 and UOM 29, A. courvalinii UOM 35 showed a significant degree of oil biodegradation in a liquid medium at 24 and 8 °C (93.0–95.6% and 78.4–81.1%, respectively). In the same conditions these indicators were 44.8 and 33.7%, respectively for strain Rhodococcus erythropolis UOM 33. All microorganisms grew in the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons (including polycyclic hydrocarbons), were resistant to NaCl (5–7%) and lead ions (1.00–1.25 g/L). They were capable of nitrogen fixation and inorganic phosphate dissolution, indole-3-acetic acid synthesis (150–1416 ng/ml of culture liquid) and hydrolytic enzyme lipase production. We found that A. calcoaceticus UOM 22 and A. courvalinii UOM 35 strains increased the barley seeds germination by 8.6 and 10.5%, as well as A. calcoaceticus UOM 29 and A. courvalinii UOM 35 stimulated the barley root growth by 16.3 and 18.1% respectively. The results of the experiments indicate the possibility of using A. calcoaceticus UOM 22 and UOM 29, and A. courvalinii UOM 35 strains for cleaning oil-contaminated soils, including in combination with remediant-plants.
Aquatic biological resources are an important part of the ecosystems of our planet, since they are involved in economic turnover as a source of food. The composition of water, including waste water from enterprises, has a direct impact on the state of aquatic biological resources. To extract and concentrate metals from solutions, hydrometallurgical processes are used – extraction and sorption. Their implementation is possible with the use of special substances – extractants and in a number of processes – sorption materials (Solvent Impregnated Resins (SIR’s) and Levextrel’s) with a mobile phase of the extractant, combining the properties of sorbents and extractants. Despite the advantages of the latter, such as high kinetic parameters, lack of swelling and high values of mechanical strength, they are characterized by the disadvantages of extraction methods – the entrainment of the extractant into the aqueous phase in dissolved and emulsion forms. Under static conditions, the possibility of purification of aqueous solutions containing primary or tertiary amine by adsorption on carbon materials (activated carbon NWC, carbon NWC-T modified with carbon nanotubes, CS-PTFE modified with polytetrafluoroethylene), as well as on styrene-divinylbenzene nonionic copolymer Porolas-T and a natural shell rock adsorbent was studied. The kinetics of adsorption of аmines Primene-JMT and TOA from aqueous solutions by these adsorbents has been studied by the method of a limited volume of solution. Of the known pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich models, the pseudo-second order model describes kinetic data more adequately (R2>0.99). The values of the distribution coefficients and the rate constants of adsorption of Primene-JMT and TOA are determined. A block diagram of adsorption purification of aqueous solutions from amines is proposed, the implementation of which will reduce the toxicity of waste solutions and return some of the expensive extractant to circulation.
Keywords: adsorption, amines, coal, synthetic polymer sorbent, modified coal, shell rock, distribution coefficient, velocity constant, block diagram
Article published in number 2 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-2-091-100
Views: 4
Effect of phosphorus-containing pesticides on the enzymatic activity and multiple forms of acid phosphatase of river snail (Viviparus viviparus L.)
E.A. Tishina, T.S. Droganova, L.V. Polikarpova, N.V. Vasiliev
Section: Ecotoxicology
Organophosphate pesticides are used in agriculture and for treating landscape and park areas due to their high efficiency and economic availability, and therefore they are potential toxicants in water bodies. Broad-spectrum systemic herbicide (Glyphosate) and an organophosphorus insecticide (Malathion) have been studied against the freshwater mollusks (Viviparus viviparus L.), widespread in permanent water bodies of the European part of Russia and Siberia. Changes in the activity and composition of multiple forms of acid phosphatase (AcP) were revealed in the hepatopan creas of mollusks under the influence of high doses of glyphosate and malathion in an acute toxicological experiment (96 hours). In both cases, an increase in enzyme activity is observed, but the cholinomimetic malathion is significantly more active than glyphosate, the neurotropic activity of which is unknown. It was shown that the increase in activity in the experimental groups of mollusks is associated with the appearance of new multiple forms of acid phosphatase, which persist throughout the experiment. Multiple form of AсP with low relative electrophoretic mobility revealed as an effect of glyphosate and malathion. In addition, in mollusks exposed to malathion, a multiple form of the enzyme with an average electrophoretic mobility was detected. The composition of multiple forms of acid phosphatase in mollusks of the control group did not change during the exposure. The results indicate the formation of nonspecific adaptations in response to organophosphate pesticides and confirm that acid phosphatase can be an indicator of toxic effects in environmental and biochemical monitoring of freshwater pollution.
Keywords: ecological and biochemical monitoring, hydrobionts, river snail, toxic effect, glyphosate, malathion, enzymes, acid phosphatase, multiple forms of the enzyme
Article published in number 2 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-2-151-158
Views: 1
Fauna and bird population of the mountainous areas of the Varangerfjord southern coast
The article presents data from field studies of the fauna and bird population of mountainous areas of the Varangerfjord southern coast. This area has erspectives to be included in the boundaries of the projected “Voryema” Federal Reserve. We carried field studies during the 2019–2021 breeding period in the northwestern part of the Pechengsky district of the Murmansk region. In the course of the work, we surveyed mountainous areas from areas adjacent to the Voryema River valley to areas near the iinahamari settlement. The total length of survey routes was 81.8 km. Analysis of the received field materials shows that at least 53 bird species occur in the breeding season. Tundra and rocky areas are breeding sites for skuas, gulls, loons, and a number of sandpipers’ and ducks’ species. The combination of different habitats creates the possibility of the presence of four species of pipits on this territory at once. Therefore, this territory can be a good model for studying the effects of climate change on a number of closely related species living together. In general, the results of the study show that the surveyed territories of the mountainous areas of the Varangerfjord southern coast are promising for inclusion in the boundaries of the projected Voryema Federal Reserve. They have a characteristic bird population structure and serve as breeding grounds for a number of rare species (whooper swan, whooper, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, kestrel, white-throated thrush).
Keywords: ornithofauna, Murmansk region, the projected Voryema Reserve
Article published in number 2 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-2-211-218
Views: 1
Transformation of soil macrofauna in the first year after deforestation
A.A. Ditts, T.N. Konakova, A.A. Fateeva
Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas
Soil macrofauna of primary forests of the middle taiga is characterized by high abundance (94.6–146.6 ind./m2), taxonomic richness (10–14 taxa), dominance of Diptera and Cantharidae larvae, similarity of fauna composition (J=0.60–0.65), with a ratio of detritivores and predators equal to 1:1, aggregated or random horizontal distribution. The total density of invertebrates sharply decreases (4.5–26.8 ind./m2) in the first year after deforestation. Some taxa are eliminated from the fauna, 4–7 taxa are remained. The ratio of trophic groups is changed. The distribution of invertebrates in space is disturbed. Soil macrofauna of clear-cutting areas (CCA) retains a taxonomic structure close to the control sites (C). The taxonomic and trophic structure of soil macrofauna is more disturbed on the logging corridors (LC) with three (3LC) and ten (10LC) penetrations of aggregate equipment, recultivated (RLC) and main (MLC) logging corridors. Thus, the density of Diptera larvae is high on the logging corridors. The above are temporary r-strategists characteristic for the disturbed environment. And the ratio of detritivores and predators on the technological sites “C – CCA – 3LC – 10LС – RLC – MLC” is 1:1 – 3:1 – 7:1 – 10:1 – 13:1 – 15:1. A trend towards an increase in the density of detritivores on the recultivated (RLC) and main (MLC) logging corridors was noted. The decrease of the total density of macrofauna and the declining of systematic groups of the clear-cutting areas is not so significant due to the fact that the litter on these sites is almost completely preserved after felling. The low diversity of soil macrofauna on the logging corridors can be explained by a change in the natural conditions for the existence of invertebrates due to the compaction of the upper soil horizons, the partial disappearance of the litter, the appearance of a mineralized soil layer as top horizon, and a rapid change in humidity. Significant changes in the abundance, composition, and ratio of trophic groups of invertebrates indicate the collapse of soil macrofauna, the loss of important groups of destructors and predators from food webs, and a decrease in the quality of their functions at the initial stage of restorative succession, in the first year after deforestation.
Article published in number 2 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-2-048-056
Views: 1
Geochemical characteristics of the Lake Chvanikha, the natural monument of the Kirov region
O.A. Lipatnikova, T.N. Lubkova, O.V. Solodyankina
Section: Chemistry of natural environments and objects
The article presents characteristics of the abiotic components (water and bottom sediments) of the karst Lake Chvanikha. The lake is located in the Nolinsky district of the Kirov region and has the status of the hydrological natural monument of regional significance. The results are based on precision analytic data (obtained by ICP-MS, X-ray fluorescence analysis, chemical methods, photometry, etc.) and on thermodynamic calculations (Visual-MINTEQ. ver. 3.1).
The composition of the waters indirectly indicates to the development of carbonate karst (mainly the dissolution of dolomite) in the upper rock strata at the base of the lake basin and to the presence of minor gypsum interlayers at depth. The concentrations of dissolved forms of trace elements do not exceed the MPCs of harmful substances in the waters of fishery basins and generally corresponds to the average contents in the rivers of the world. The base forms of trace elements in water are their free ions (for Sr, Ba, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd) and carbonate complexes (for Pb and Cu). The bottom sediments are represented of fine quartz sands, which overlap the karst rocks. In the absence of a significant technogenic impact, the poor grade of sand’s ferruginization determines low contents of potential pollutants (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Mo, Ni, Cr, V), typical for quartz sands.
Keywords: Lake Chvanikha, karst sinkholes, macrocomponent composition of water, trace elements, thermodynamic calculations, bottom sediments
Article published in number 2 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-2-082-090
Views: 2
Study of adsorption separation of gas mixtures under non-stationary conditions
F.V. Yusubov, I.A. Aliyev, S.N. Guliyev
Section: Ecologization of industry
The influence of the initial concentration, rate and temperature of adsorption on the adsorption separation of gas mixtures (CO2, CH4, N2, H2S) is investigated. Components: N2 – 5%, H2S – 5%, CO2 – 5% and CH4 – 85%. And as an adsorbent granule of clinoptilolite of irregular shape were used. Isothermal adsorption of CO2 was obtained at different temperatures (293, 313, and 323 K). The obtained isotherms of CO2 adsorption showed that with an increase in temperature, the adsorption of CO2 decreased. The type of isotherms corresponds to Langmuir. The output curves of gas mixture adsorption depending on the gas flow rate and various main components of CO2 were also experimentally studied. The output curves of the adsorption of the CO2 component were studied at various gas flow rates of 20, 50, and 80 mL/min. Equilibrium time increases with a decrease in the gas flow rate. Output curves were also obtained depending on the initial CO2 concentrations of 5%, 10% and 20%. It was determined that with a decrease in the initial concentration of CO2, the equilibrium time also increases. Gas mixture components sorbed downwards: H2S→CO2→CH4→N2. The resulting system of model equations describing the adsorption separation of gas mixtures in a fixed adsorbent layer represents a complete mathematical model of the process under unsteady conditions. The obtained regularities of the process of adsorption of
gas mixtures testify to the fact that the process takes place under non-stationary conditions. The proposed models for the optimal design of industrial absorbers can be used for adsorption separation of gas mixtures in the conditions of their
unsteady flow.
Keywords: adsorption, gas mixture, non-stationary, mathematical model
Article published in number 2 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-2-101-107
Views: 2
Drosophila melanogaster as an in vivo model for assessing the cytogenetic effects of low-intensity ionizing radiation
E.A. Yushkova
Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas
The most important target of radiation damage is the cell nucleus. Structural and functional changes occurring in the nucleus under the influence of ionizing radiation affect the development of different biological effects at the cellular and organismal levels. In the present study, the Comet assay was used which makes it possible to assess the complex of DNA damage in different somatic cells of the body. The specificity of the cytogenetic effect of irradiation in low doses in Drosophila melanogaster has been established. The observed reactions depended not only on the irradiation dose and genotype but also on the type of DNA damage and tissue. In general, neuroblasts of individuals with low synthesis of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (sodn1/+) showed the highest sensitivity to irradiation in low doses. With an increase in the dose of ionizing radiation, the frequency of alkali-labile sites and DNA single-strand breaks in sodn1-genotype cells increased. The repair mutant genotypes, on the contrary, had radiosensitive traits exclusively at the level of DNA double-strand breaks. To a greater extent, an increase in the yield of radiation-induced DNA damage of this type was registered in cells of the imaginal disks of individuals with defect in the mechanisms of DNA double-strand break repair (okrA17-11/+), postreplicative repair, and meiotic recombination (mei-41D5/+). The genetically unstable strains used in the work have radiosensitive features which makes them convenient models for assessing the radioecological situation in the environment.
Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, irradiation, cytogenetic effects, mutations in genes for repair and antioxidant protection
Article published in number 2 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-2-057-062
Views: 2
Pigment system of filamentous cyanobacteria under conditions of accumulation of lead ions
A.R. Galperina
Section: Ecotoxicology
The effect of Pb (CH3COO)2 solutions with Pb2+ concentrations equal to 0.02, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mM to strain of cyanobacteria (CB) Leptolyngbya sp. SK was studied. The duration of exposure of the culture with solutions was 21 days. During the experiment, measured the loss of lead ions in the solution; the increase in the biomass of CB was assessed as an indicator of culture adaptation; determined the content of photosynthetic pigments as indicators of maintaining the viability of the culture. The content of lead ions decreased in all variants, the maximum decrease was 96.2% – in the medium with a Pb2+concentration of 0.4 mM. An increase in the biomass of CB was observed in the presence of Pb2+ of all concentrations, the maximum increase in a solution with a Pb2+ concentration of 0.1 mM was up to 7.5 times. There was a decrease in the content of chlorophyll a in the biomass of CB, in comparison with the control, by 67.0–94.2% with an increase in the concentration of Pb2+ in the solution. Under the influence of solutions with Pb2+ concentrations of 0.02, 0.1, and 0.4 mM, the content of carotenoids in the biomass of cyanobacteria decreased by 48%, 75% and 92%, respectively; the concentration of Pb2+0.2 mM caused an increase in the content of carotenoids by 1% with the control. The inhibitory effect of all investigated concentrations of Pb2+ was noted on the complex of phycobilin pigments. The accumulation of lead ions from solutions with Pb2+ concentrations up to 0.4 mM, an increase in CB biomass in the presence of 0.1 mM Pb2+ and an increase in the synthesis of carotenoids at 0.2 mM Pb2+ may indicate adaptation of the studied culture to lead acetate.
Article published in number 2 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-2-159-166
Views: 1
Some features of the rare endemic Arafoe aromatica Pimenov & Lavrova biology in Ritsa Strict Nature Reserve (Republic of Abkhazia)
L.M. Abramova, I.V. Taniya, A.N. Mustafina
Section: Population ecology
For the first time, the features of rare endemic species of Caucasus Arafoe aromatica biology in the Ritsa Strict Nature Reserve (Republic of Abkhazia) were studied. The age, vitality structure of coenopopulations (CP) and the variability of morphometric parameters were determined. The study was carried out using standard methods of population biology. The variability of morphometric parameters was studied on 25 middle-aged plants in each CP. The CP density is low (1–2.6 ind./m2). According to the delta-omega classification, one CP is transitional, and one is mature. Most of the morphological features are characterized by a normal degree of variation (14.7–37.0%). Vitality analysis showed that one CP is prosperous, the other is depressed. The state of the studied A. aromatica coenopopulations is satisfactory. Anthropogenic disturbances lead to a decrease in the number and seed productivity, worsening conditions for seed germination and renewal processes. To preserve the rare species, it is necessary to limit the anthropogenic load in the places of growth, prohibit the collection of plants by the population, monitor and control the CP state.
Keywords: Republic of Abkhazia, rare species, endemic, Arafoe aromatica, coenopopulation, age structure, variability, vitality
Article published in number 2 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-2-193-200
ISSN 1995-4301
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