Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts
The paper presents a flow-injection technique for ionometric fluorine detection in biological objects. The possibilities of automatic potentiometric titrator “Titrion” application, which allows carrying out controlled dosing of the solution and registering the electromotive force of the electrode system to perform flow ionometric measurements in combination with a specially designed measuring cell, are described. The cell consists of a single plastic housing containing an injector for sample injection with a micro syringe, a mixing chamber, and chambers for the working electrode and reference electrode. The optimum conditions for measurements were selected: the rate of solution passage through the cell, the parameters of mixing the sample with buffer solution, the most rational way of plotting the calibration graph was found. The method of standard fluorapatite composition was successfully tested, as well as samples of kidney stones and tooth enamel from humans and mollusks (Viviparus viviparus L.) shells, transferred into solution by treatment with hydrochloric acid. The developed technique allows carrying out fluorine express determination in biological objects using a small amount of the test substance (10–20 mg) with an absolute detection limit of 10 ng in 1–25 μL of the analyzed solution. The range of fluoride ion concentration detection was 30–500 ng in the analyzed sample. The relative measurement error for the range of measured concentrations does not exceed ±10 % rel. The proposed approach to the analysis is promising for the development of methods for iodide-, nitrate-, chloride- and other anions micro-detection in biological samples and environmental objects.
Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-039-047
Views: 1
On the possibility of tartaric acid and its salts application when disposing of waste copper plating electrolytes
M.A. Shumilova, F.F. Chausov, D.K. Zhirov, K.A. Novozhilov
Section: Ecologization of industry
Spent electrolytes, which pose a threat to the environment if unauthorized, are a secondary source for obtaining non-ferrous metals. Research has been conducted to determine the optimal conditions and physicochemical patterns of formation of copper(II) tartrates obtained as a result of precipitation of waste copper plating electrolyte (WCPE) with solutions of tartaric acid and its salts. It was established that the molar ratio of reagent:copper(II) for tartaric acid and ammonium tartrate is 2:1, and for potassium sodium tartrate – 1.5:1. The extraction ratio of copper from the electrolyte exceeds 98 % in the pH range of 3.5–4.0. We studied the effect of the order of reagent mixing on the completeness of metal ions extraction from WCPE, as well as the structure and composition of the resulting precipitates. It was found that the reaction of copper ions with a tartaric acid solution is best carried out in the synchronous precipitation mode, and the interaction with tartaric acid salts is best carried out in the direct precipitation mode. Using synchronous thermal analysis, it was proven that in the direct precipitation mode, monohydrate is formed, and in the synchronous mode, copper tartrate dihydrate is formed. Consequently, the production process technology must provide for the possibility of using both direct and synchronous deposition of metals, based on the optimal conditions for their isolation. The operation of the proposed technological module for the extraction of copper concentrates from spent electrolyte is described.
Keywords: waste copper plating solution, tartaric acid, potassium-sodium tartrate, ammonium tartrate, direct precipitation, synchronous precipitation, process module
Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-123-130
Views: 1
Pyrethroids effect on biochemical parameters and morphofunctional state of Viviparus viviparus L.
E.A. Tishina, T.S. Droganova, L.V. Polikarpova, D.A. Areshidze, N.V. Vasiliev
Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas
The effect of pyrethroids on the morphofunctional state and activity of the acid phosphatase (AcP, enzyme of the metabolic complex) in the digestive gland (hepatopancreas) tissues of the freshwater mollusk Viviparus viviparus L. was studied. Used in the experiment alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin are synthetic pyrethroids. They are neurotropic substances by mechanism of action and are used as insecticides in various insect control directions. At acute exposure both alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin cause 3–5 times increase of AcP activity relative to the values obtained in the control group of animals. During enzyme electrophoresis in the experimental groups against the background of the increase in the AcP activity exposed to pyrethroids, synthesis of new multiple forms of the enzyme in the hepatopancreas of mollusks was noted. When assessing the morphological state of hepatopancreas tissues of the V. viviparus, the cells with karyopycnosis, karyorexis, karyolysis as well as single necrotised cells were detected. The obtained results of AcP activity and changes in the composition of AcP multiple forms upon exposure and non-exposure to alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin indicate the formation of non-specific adaptation in response to pyrethroid pesticides.
Keywords: ecological and biochemical monitoring, acid phosphatase, enzymatic activity, alpha-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, pyrethroids, river livebearer, multiple forms, electrophoresis, morphological changes, hepatopancreas
Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-079-086
Views: 1
Artemia spp. (Crustacea, Anostraca) productivity characteristics in lakes with different salinity in the southern Western Siberia
The results of a study of the hydrochemical and production characteristics of Artemia spp. in eight different types of lakes in southern Western Siberia are presented. The research was conducted from July to October 2024. All of the studied lakes are shallow, with the maximum depth recorded in Lake Bolshoye Yarovoye (7.4 m) and Lake Maloye Yarovoye (5.0 m). They are located in the arid and semi-arid zones of the Kulunda Plain. The salinity of the studied lakes in the Altai Krai varied greatly, ranging from 41.2 ± 1.3 (Lake Maloe Shklo) to 251 ± 36 g/L (Lake Kuchuk). Based on the results of hydrochemical analysis, three types of lakes were identified: hydrocarbonate (Lake Tanatar III) with a dominant bisexual population of Artemia sp. Kazakhstan, sulphate (Lake Mormyshanskoe) with a dominant parthenogenetic population of A. parthenogenetica, and chloride (lakes Kuchuk, Kulunda, Maloye Yarovoye, Bolshoye Yarovoye, Maloye Shklo, Malinovoye) – represented by both populations (parthenogenetic and bisexual). We studied 817 females of Artemia parthenogenetic and bisexual populations for morphometric analysis. The overall fertility of Artemia sp. Kazakhstan and A. parthenogenetica females does not differ significantly. However, a significant difference was found in the fertility of female crustaceans inhabiting chloride and sulphate lakes (Kruskal – Wallis test H = 18.13; p < 0.01) and hydrocarbonate lakes (H = 16.40; p < 0.01). No significant difference was found between females from sulphate and hydrocarbonate lakes (p > 0.05). Thus, females from hyperhaline chloride lakes are characterised by the lowest fertility. The most informative morphometric indicators for assessing productivity are the dimensional characteristics of the ovary. Females of the chloride-type lake crustacean had the smallest ovary length and width, which is one of the reasons for their lowest fertility.
Keywords: hyperhaline lakes, branchiopods, parthenogenetic and bisexual populations, lake types, salinity
Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-191-199
Views: 1
Model experiment to assess the effect of oil-destructor strain Pseudomonas schmalbachii N3.1 and remediant plants on the biological activity of soil contaminated with oil and herbicides
T.Yu. Korshunova, L.A. Kulbaeva, E.V. Kuzina, M.G. Iskuzhina, G.F. Rafikova, S R. Mukhamatdyarova
Section: Remediation and rehabilitation
The increasing demand for energy sources is leading to greater contamination of soils, including agricultural, by oil products. It requires the search for effective methods to restore the disturbed territories. This study evaluates the effectiveness of using the hydrocarbon-degrading strain Pseudomonas schmalbachii N3.1, both individually and in combination with Lupinus albus L. and Avena sativa L. plants to purify soil from oil that has been contaminated with imazethapyr- or tribenuron-methyl-based herbicides. The study analyzes changes in the abundance of microorganisms (ammonifying, hydrocarbon oxidizing, oligonitrophilic), soil respiratory and enzyme activity, as well as the soil content of oil products. It was found that oil is less toxic to the soil microbiocenosis than the herbicides, while the combination of plants and bacteria significantly increases the number of microorganisms of the studied groups. When L. albus and bacteria were applied separately, soil respiratory activity in oil-contaminated samples increased by 31–36 %. The highest catalase activity was recorded in A. sativa plantings, including inoculated soils (8.72–12.25 and 9.12–10.95 ml O2/g·min, respectively). Bioremediation promoted an increase in invertase activity (by 1.7–3.5 times), with the maximum effect observed when plants and microorganisms were combined (2.44–4.37 and 2.09–4.51 mg glucose/24 h/g in soils with L. albus and A. sativa, respectively). All types of bioremediation reduced the oil product content in soils. The lowest values were achieved with the combined use of P. schmalbachii N3.1 and A. sativa (2.3–2.8 g/kg). This was probably due to the highest number of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria (up to 13·107 CFU/g) and significant catalase activity (up to 11 ml O2/g . min).
Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-154-163
Views: 1
Forest reclamation assessment of the protection of agricultural lands in the dry steppe natural zone
A.A. Vypritskiy, A.A. Khovanskaya
Section: Agroecology
Forest reclamation is an essential tool to protect agroforestry landscapes from negative impacts. However, forest reclamation plantations function only in compliance with the standards of placement and design, which primarily depends on the soil and geomorphological characteristics of the landscape. In the dry steppe, forest plantations require regular silvicultural care, in the absence of which there conservation is currently decreasing up to the complete collapse of forest reclamation systems. In this regard, the analysis of the preservation of such systems with the definition of their spatial location makes it possible to develop cartographic models for the restoration of protective forest reclamation plantations. The solution of this problem in this work was carried out using methods of geoinformation analysis of Earth remote sensing data. The study examines the arable and fallow lands of the Mikhailovskiy district of the Altai Krai. The results obtained during vectorization correlate with statistical data by 97.5 %. The study uses 4 products to assess the actual state of the for-%. The study uses 4 products to assess the actual state of the for-%. The study uses 4 products to assess the actual state of the forest shelter-belts – ESRI Land Cover, Global Forest Change (GFC), NDVI, classification by the “red” channel of ultra-high spatial resolution images. The accuracy of the results in the test area for the most suitable products for research was assessed (NDVI – 68 %, classification by the “red” channel – 86 %). It was revealed that 71,721.5 ha of arable lands are unprotected by the forest shelter-belts. The results obtained can be used for the further development of agroforestry complexes.
Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-173-183
Views: 3
Using Landsat-8 data for classification and delineation of overburden dumps
A.A. Perevoshchikova, N.A. Kobelev, T.S. Bachurin
Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts
Earth remote sensing materials (Landsat-8 satellite) were used to conduct a land use classification within both a closed coal deposit and an operating potassium-magnesium salts deposit, focusing on the identification of waste rock dumps. Classifying land use through remote sensing imagery presents a formidable challenge; however, the accurate classification of pixels based on their respective land use characteristics poses a notable difficulty that can be mitigated by employing interactive supervised classification. This research focused on two large reserves located in Perm Krai: the Kizel Coal Basin (encompassing the areas of Ugleuralskiy and Shakhtnyy villages, Kizel with its Rudnichnyy microdistrict, and Shakhta village) and the Verkhnekamskoe Potash Deposit (near Solikamsk and Berezniki). The study areas were divided into seven distinct land use categories: waste dumps, water bodies, agricultural lands, bare lands, coniferous forests, mixed forests, and urban areas. The findings showed that the extent of mine dumps, as identified through the interactive supervised classification, covered 162.8 hectares, with a reference area of 153.3 hectares. The salt dump area, as determined by the interactive supervised classification, covered a total of 927.9 hectares, with a reference area of 891.4 hectares. This study emphasizes the significance of employing remote sensing data for addressing challenges related to pixel-oriented land use classification. This represents one of the phases in environmental diagnostics that facilitates the acquisition of objective data regarding the environmental conditions in areas undergoing the extraction of mineral resources for forecasting. The application of interactive supervised classification offers significant insights regarding the extent of waste areas and the category distribution within the studied mining areas of Perm Krai. It promotes the advancement of precise land use analysis techniques that may be applied across diverse fields, including urban development, ecological surveillance, and resource management.
Keywords: coal deposit, salt deposit, remote sensing, interactive supervised classification, land use
Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-031-038
Views: 1
Purification of gas emissions of Srednebotuobinskoe oil-gas condensate field on a heterogeneous catalyst
M.S. Ivanova, K.О. Tomskii
Section: Ecologization of industry
Carbon and sulfur dioxide formed during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels can be captured in several ways. Of these, catalytic capture is the most effective and cost-effective. The aim of this study was to investigate the catalytic removal of carbon dioxide and sulfur from associated petroleum gas combustion gases at the Srednebotuobinskoye oil and gas condensate field in fluorine-containing media, such as calcium fluoride suspensions with varying concentrations, and to determine the optimal parameters for the removal of carbon dioxide and sulfur from these suspensions. The catalytic removal of carbon dioxide and sulfur from calcium fluoride suspensions was studied at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 25 оC. Carbon and sulfur dioxides were passed through a system consisting of a calcium fluoride suspension with concentrations ranging from 0.05 M to 1.4 M. To determine the effect of the feed rate of the gases being purified on the sorption of the calcium fluoride suspension, CO2 was passed at feed rates from 0.03 to 0.118 L/min. To restore the catalytic capacity of the spent calcium fluoride suspension, atmospheric oxygen was passed through the system for 1 hour. As a result of the regeneration, the catalytic system completely restored its oxidizing capacity. The study demonstrates the fundamental possibility of catalytic purification of combustion gases in a calcium fluoride environment to remove CO2 and SO2. Using the associated petroleum gas of the Srednebotuobinskoye oil condensate field as an example, the optimal purification parameters were determined: a gas feed rate to the sorbent of 100 mL/min and a catalytic system concentration of 0.4 mol/L.
Keywords: carbon dioxide, catalytic purification of gas emissions, calcium fluoride, carbon dioxide emissions, het- erogeneous fluorine-containing systems, carbon dioxide activation
Article published in number 3 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-131-140
Views: 0
Response of algae and cyanobacteria in forest and meadow ecosystems to man-made impacts
The article presents estimation of the ecological state of soil phototrophic microbe complex in forest and meadow ecosystems in the vicinity of the former chemical weapons destruction facility “Maradykovskiy” (CWDF). Currently, a production and technical complex “Ecotechnopark “Mirnyy” (PTK) for the disposal of wastes of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes is being created on its territory. Natural groups of algae and cyanobacteria (CB) has a set of physiologicalbiochemical and ecological features and are widely used in soil state ecological assessing. Nowadays the algocyanoflora communities’ structure within the site of PTC is typical for the forest zone. As for species diversity in forests soils, representatives of Chlorophyta (60.0 %) and Ochrophyta (20.0 %) prevail, while Chlorophyta (44.2 %) and Cyanobacteria (29.5 %) dominate in meadow soils. Still the long-term monitoring of algae and CB in forest and meadow soil ecosystems indicated that certain changes took place in the phototrophic complex of microorganisms during the CWDF operating period. The share of ochrophyte algae sensitive to technogenic load decrease from 19.2 % to 17.0 %, while the share of CB increase from 24.7 % to 26.4 %. CBs are highly tolerant to the changing factors of the environment, thus they serve as a reliable indicator in assessing its ecological status. The dominant species are represented by green and ochrophyte algae, typical in forest soils. The species of the genera Chlamydomonas, Chlorococcum (Chlorophyta), Phormidium, Nostoc, Cylindrospermum (Cyanobacteria) are the dominants of the communities in meadow ecosystems. The quantitative indexes of the algae and CB number are conditioned mostly by natural factors. On the control site situated 10 km away from the PTC the indexes of algae and CB number were higher than those near the PTC: they exceeded two or more times. Over 10 years passed from the moment when CWDF stopped functioning. The taxonomic composition of algocyanoflora still keeps its original structure.
Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas
The article presents the characteristics of epiphytic microbial complexes of the Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl (Parmeliaceae) lichen and on the Pinus sylvestris L. bark, on which the lichen grows. The samples were collected in the sites located at different distances from the former chemical weapons (CW) storage and destruction facility “Maradykovsky”. It was established that the abundance of the epiphytic microbiota of H. physodes and the substrate of its growth varies both between different sampling sites and between lichen thalli and bark. There is a high positive correlation between the abundance of epiphytic microbiota of the lichen and pine bark (r = 0.98–0.92). Despite all the significant quantitative differences between the epiphytic communities of lichen and pine bark, ammonifying bacteria consistently act as their main structural element. A relationship was noted whereby the thallus of the lichen H. physodes, possessing high metabolic activity, is populated by various groups of epiphytic microorganisms. A chemical analysis aimed at determining the content of essential chemical elements in the lichen thalli also revealed heterogeneity in their accumulation in the thalli across the study sites. It is known that any environmentally induced changes in the biochemical composition of the substrate (lichen thalli and pine bark) affect the abundance and structure of the microbial community. A probable association (p – 0.008) was established between the maximum thallus colonization by epiphytic microbiota in H. physodes lichen variant on a pine tree from a site located near a former chemical weapons destruction facility, which had minimal heavy metal (HM) content and high levels of macro- and microelements, and the microbiome of this lichen from a site located near a former chemical weapons storage facility and a federal railway line, where minimal microbial populations and higher HM content were detected. Such a change in the abundance and structure of the microbial complex indicates the influence of various technogenic loads on the development of the microbiota, which can be used in environmental monitoring as a diagnostic indicator of environmental transformation.
ISSN 1995-4301
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