ISSN 1995-4301(Print)
ISSN 2618-8406
(Online)
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Select viewing optionsZoobentos of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River at the Lomonosov diamond deposit |
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| M.A. Studenova, I.I. Studenov, A.G. Zavisha, A.T. Lapikova | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| 22 invertebrate taxons of zoobenthos were found over the entire study period in the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River at the Lomonosov diamond deposit. The number of sampling points (stations) for monitoring period is 6. The average number of taxons per station for the entire monitoring period is 11, ranging from 3 to 16. Almost annually, larvae of chironomidae were found at all stations in samples; the frequency of them for all stations over the entire monitoring period was 94%. In addition, the mayfly larvae (89%), diptera larvae (85%), оligochaeta (82%) and hydrachna (78%) were the most common. The average value of the Shannon index as a whole on the studied part of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa river system for the period 2000–2021 amounted to 1.87, varying from 0.76 (the Svetly Creek, 2016) up to 2.9 (the Svetlaya River). The Margalef species wealth index as a whole on the studied part of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River was 0.85. The Pielu equalization index averaged 0.58, indicating the presence of dominant taxons in samples. The number of invertebrates on the studied section of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River over the years of monitoring varied from 110 to 28375 spec/m2, averaging 5369 spec/m2. The biomass of invertebrates on the studied part of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River over the years ranged from 0.026 to 29.060 g/m2, on average – 4.015 g/m2. Despite the lack of negative impact on the river ecosystem, one of the dominant groups in the zoobenthos is оligochaeta, the proportion of which varied from 4.4% at 148 km from the mouth of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River up to 24.1% at 152 km. Taking into account the relatively high proportion of oligochetes in benthic samples, an oligochete index was used to assess water quality in the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River. In general, the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa river system is estimated as pure – the average оligochaeta index for all sampling points for the entire monitoring period was 8%. One-time increases in the оligochaeta index to maximum values suggest a slight contamination of the river based on the index gradation. These increases are likely related to natural processes in the river system, as evidenced by high оligochaeta index values at the upper sampling points (169 km) located outside the deposit area. | ||||
| Keywords: Zimnyaya Zolotitsa river, zoobenthos, taxonomic composition, number, biomass |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-054-063 |
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Ultrastructure of forest-forming conifers ectomycorrhyzas in the middle taiga subzone |
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| S.N. Plyusnina | ||||
| Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts |
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| Mycorrhiza are symbiotic formations of fungus and roots and are the main organs of nutrient uptake by land plants. The formation of ectomycorrhizae allows trees to dominate the vegetation cover of the boreal zone. Pinus sylvestris L., Picea obovata Ledeb. и Abies sibirica Ledeb. are forest-forming conifers of the Komi Republic. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the fungal sheath of mycorrhiza is most developed in A. sibirica. The Hartig net in all studied trees extends deep into the primary cortex to the endodermis. Glycogen accumulates in the cytoplasm and polyphosphate-containing granules (volutin) in the vacuoles of young fungal cells. Starch accumulates in the cells of primary cortex and central cylinder of young ectomycorrhizae. Reserve substances disappear in the sheath and the Hartig net as the mycorrhiza ages, and starch can remain in the central cylinder. A stable presence of reserve substances was noted at the beginning and in the middle of the growing season. There is an active growth of sucking roots and the formation of ectomycorrhizae during this period in the middle taiga subzone. The occurrence of glycogen and polyphosphate-containing granules in fungal cells is reduced in the autumn period. This is due to a decrease in the intensity of growth processes and the prevalence of physiologically inactive mycorrhizal endings. The starch decrease in the amyloplasts of the primary cortex cells and the central cylinder of ectomycorrhizae is associated with a seasonal decrease in its content in all tree organs, preparation of the plant for the season with low temperatures. | ||||
| Keywords: Pinus sylvestris L., Picea obovata Ledeb., Abies sibirica Ledeb., ectomycorrhyzae, ultrastructure |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-031-039 |
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The role of the oxidation processes in toxigenization of the nature water after the public utility accident |
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| L.N. Shishkina, A.Yu. Povkh, V.O. Shvydkiy | ||||
| Section: Ecotoxicology |
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| As known, the lipid peroxidation processes play an important role in regulation of the metabolism in the biological system of varying complexity. Besides, it is shown that the state of the physicochemical regulatory system of the lipid peroxidation is a base for the ecological monitoring, and the disruptions in the redox-state of the natural water is due to a development of its toxic properties. However, the status of lipid peroxidation process after the public utility accident is poorly studied. The aim of this work was to study dynamics of the lipid composition and its physicochemical properties in samples of the Dubna River water after the accident with sewer in Verbilki (June 2020) to assess their role in toxigenization of the nature water. The low content of hydrophobic compounds and no phospholipids identified in the natural water before the accident. Five days after the accident, the content of the hydrophobic compound was 8.4 times higher than the initial value. Within 9 days after the accident, the phospholipids in water samples are predominantly in the easily oxidizable fractions. These data are confirmed by UV-spectrophotometry and TLC methods. The data obtained and the literature analysis allow us to conclude that a significant increase in the content of hydrophobic compounds (including ketodienes and fat acids) with pronounced toxic properties and lytic effect on biological membranes causes toxigenization of natural water. | ||||
| Keywords: phospholipids, ketodienes, fat acids, UV-spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, toxicity |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-141-149 |
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Self-purification of atmospheric air from dust particles in a coastal marine climate |
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| L.V. Veremchuk, T.I. Vitkina, L.S Barskova | ||||
| Section: Ecology and climate change |
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| The intensity of air pollution depends on the characteristics of pollution sources, distance from the sea, terrain, density of residential buildings and the presence of a green zone. The influence of climatic conditions on the distribution of suspended particulate matter in the atmospheric surface layer of Vladivostok was studied. The aim of the study was to determine the particle size distribution of suspended particulate matter in the atmospheric surface layer and to assess the conditions for self-purification of urban air under the influence of the coastal maritime climate. The assessment of the urban air pollution with suspended particulate matter was carried out in two areas with different levels of pollution. The human breathing zone was examined. The temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind direction and speed at sampling points were determined. We used monitoring of meteorological data (dew point, wind gusts, clouds, fog) from the nearest regional meteorological stations. Statistical processing included the “Canonical Analysis” module. In the polluted area of the city the atmospheric circulation (direction, speed and gusts of wind) greatly affect the distribution of fine-dispersed particles (2.5–10.0 µm) that are hazardous to health. The impact of temperature and humidity conditions is reduced in power. The temperature and humidity regime, atmospheric pressure, cloudiness with frequent fog affect the ultrafine dust spectrum in the slightly polluted island area of the city. The above factors contribute to the enhancement of the nanoparticle nucleation process. Self-purification of the air surface layer from dust particles in both polluted and slightly polluted areas of Vladivostok is associated with the southerly winds. The monsoon maritime climate defines the air purifying in the region. The temperature and humidity regime actively affects the dust disperse composition in both sampling sites. In the island area of the city it determines the content of particles up to 10 µm; in the continental area – fractions of 0.1–50.0 µm. | ||||
| Keywords: dust particles, air surface layer, monsoon climate, self-purification of the atmosphere |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-199-208 |
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Zoning factors and their influence on the lakes’ zooplankton in the Middle Volga Region (Russia) |
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| O.Yu. Derevenskaya, N.M. Mingazova, E.N. Unkovskaya | ||||
| Section: Population ecology |
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| We analyzed the results of studies of 176 different types of lakes in the Middle Volga region (Russia). The impact of various environmental factors (morphometric parameters of lakes, physical and chemical indicators of water) on the lakes’ zooplankton communities of two landscape-geographical zones (forest and forest-steppe) was studied. The aim of the work was to identify the biodiversity of pelagic zooplankton and to assess the role of environmental factors in the development of zooplankton communities. Statistical studies included the calculation of the Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients, data analysis using linear and logistic regression methods. We identify 230 species of zooplankton, including Rotifera – 107 (45.6%), Cladocera – 76 (33.6%), Copepoda – 47 (20.8%). Forest lakes show more species in the sample and higher quantitative indices compared to the forest-steppe lakes. The values of these indicators are determined by a complex of factors, the most important of which are the morphometric parameters of the lakes, the content of mineral nitrogen, oxygen, water mineralization and its determining ions. The depth of the reservoir can increase in the number of species in the sample or decrease them. Zooplankton quantification decreases as maximum depth increases. In deep-water lakes they are usually lower than in wellwarmed high-trophic and shallow ones. High mineralization and higher content of nutrients reduce the number of species in the sample and quantitative indicators of zooplankton. The increase in mineral nitrogen concentration and average ranking index is negatively related to zooplankton abundance, which is due to the occurrence of negative effects associated with anthropogenic eutrophication. Local conditions determine the composition and structure of zooplankton communities within the landscape-climatic zones, which determine the ionic composition of water and the concentration of major ions. | ||||
| Keywords: zooplankton, biodiversity, lake, Middle Volga region, community, structure |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-166-174 |
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Features of creating systems for automatic control of pollutants from stationary sources of emission |
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| N.M. Makarova, A.L. Balashov, А.M. Toygildin, A.G. Svirskiy | ||||
| Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts |
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| At the present stage of industrial development, there is a tendency to strengthen environmental control over objects that have a negative impact on the environment (NIE). Enterprises of heat and power, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, oil and gas processing, chemical and petrochemical industries cause the greatest harm to the environment by emitting mainly sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons, suspended solids into the atmosphere.
In order to control the quantity of emitted pollutants at the legislative level it is mandatory to equip stationary emission sources of the 1st category objects of NIE with continuous automatic control systems (SAC). The implementation of the SAC is relevant due to the currently limited number of enterprises with SAC. The aim of the study is to consider the features of the creation SAC of stationary sources of emissions, their composition, functional purpose and implementation in industrial enterprises. |
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| Keywords: automatic control system, environment, atmospheric air pollution, emissions, industrial enterprises |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-035-043 |
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Complex ecological monitoring of negative impact of oil-containing waste in areas of oil fields as an object of ecological risk |
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| A.V. Vasilyev | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| In this paper peculiarities of negative impact of oil-containing waste to humans and biosphere and approaches to its estimation are considered. For the estimation of ecological risks of negative impact of oil-containing waste in areas of oil and gas fields it is suggested to take into account not only its toxicological and quantitative characteristics, but also the degradation of the territories of fields, potential recultivating capacity of fields, suitability of wastes for utilization etc. Negative ecological impact not only from operation but also from mothballed oil well should be investigated. Results of complex experimental researches of negative impact of oil-containing waste in regions of development and exploitation of oil and gas fields are described. In number of cases increased values of oil containing waste and heavy metals were determined in soil and in water environment. For oil wells of Mogutovskoye field acute toxicity of soil samples near to the wells and excess over maximum permissible concentrations of methane were determined. Results of monitoring of toxicological impact of oil containing waste in areas of different oil fields of Samara region and in oil treatment plants by using of biological testing methods have showed that a number of samples have enlarged toxicity and are causing acute toxic effect to the test-organisms – green algae Chlorella vulgaris Beijer and Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Brébisson, crustaceans Daphnia magna Straus. In number of cases increased values of oil products was observed. Thus, it was determined that negative impact of oil-containing waste in areas of oil fields is complex in nature and may cause significant ecological risks for air, water and soil. Results of work allow us to carry out more efficient and high quality monitoring of negative impact of oil-containing waste and estimation of ecological risks as well as to develop the measures for reduction of negative impact of oil-containing waste. | ||||
| Keywords: oil-containing waste, negative impact, oil fields, ecological monitoring, estimation, ecological risk |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-078-084 |
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Assessment of the possibility of using solid waste compost for growing medicinal plants |
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| T.S. Droganova, L.V. Polikarpova, M.A. Sevostyanov, A.А. Mazurkevich | ||||
| Section: Agroecology |
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| The production of artificial soils – products of solid-phase fermentation of municipal solid waste – is one of the main areas of processing waste from megacities containing organic substances and is a “green” alternative to their incineration or burial. The possibility of using products of solid-phase fermentation of waste for growing medicinal plants was studied using the examples of mountain savory (Satureja montana L.), common basil (Ocimum basilikum L.), marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.). It was revealed that the optimal germination of plants occurs on the artificial soils “Klasmann Substrates Select” and “Grunt ECO” and it is comparable to the control soil of field crop rotation.The changes in the biochemical parameters of plants (enzyme activity, chlorophyll content) grown on soils under normal conditions, under the influence of heavy metals and at low temperatures are shown. High chlorophyll content was noted in all studied plants, however, in mountain savory grown on the “Veltorf” substrate, destructive phenomena were revealed, expressed in a decrease in the content of chlorophyll a with a simultaneous increase in the content of chlorophyll b. The activity of catalase and acid phosphatase enzymes in the studied plants is within normal limits. The effect of unfavorable factors – low temperature and heavy metals – leads to an increase in enzyme activity, which is a sign of the formation of adaptation. When assessing the germination of plants of various species and their biochemical parameters, it was found that the domestic soil of the Grunt ECO company is optimal for growing medicinal plants and can be used for medicinal plant growing purposes. | ||||
| Keywords: artificial soils, composting, medicinal plants, germination, biochemical parameters, acid phosphatase, catalase, chlorophyll |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-157-164 |
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Environmental safety through the prism of legal regulation of renewable energy in Russia |
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| E.S. Koshcheeva, M.A. Smirnov | ||||
| Section: Social ecology |
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| The article is devoted to an urgent problem in the field of environmental safety – the legal regulation of renewable energy in Russia at the level of federal legislation, as well as trends in the field of program normative regulation in the context of long-term planning until 2050. The method of special normative regulation in the field of renewable energy chosen by the legislator is determined by the directions of state regulation in the area under consideration. The basis for long-term programmatic legal regulation is the combination of traditional and renewable energy, which is necessary for the country’s energy security. On the other hand, a serious problem of legal regulation has been identified: at the level of federal legislation, there is a legal gap in the issue of the relationship between the concepts of “energy resource” and “non-renewable energy sources”, which is the reason for finalizing the current legislation. The result of the study is recommendations to reflect in the legal regulation of renewable energy, which is programmatic and long-term in nature, not the principle of priority of renewable energy sources (RES), but the principle of combining traditional and renewable energy and its development, taking into account the interests of the country’s energy security. Thus, the actual preservation of the priority of traditional energy and the development of energy based on renewable energy sources within the framework of regulatory long-term planning based on state support determine the main direction of developing the country’s environmental safety system for the coming decades. | ||||
| Keywords: renewable energy, regulation, long-term development of RES, energy security |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-199-207 |
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Rational disposal of sulfur-containing waste |
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| N.V. Syrchina, S.G. Skugoreva, T.I. Kutyavina | ||||
| Section: Agroecology |
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| Storage of sulfur extracted from hydrocarbon raw materials in open areas (sulfur pads) leads to soil contamination of sulfur. The sulfur-soil mixture is not suitable for further chemical processing, and its separation into individual components is not economically viable. In this regard, it is sent to specialized landfills as hazard class IV waste called “soil contaminated with sulfur during the repair of sulfur storage pits, sulfur pads, sulfur pipelines”. The production of ameliorants for alkaline saline soils is one option to utilize this waste without separating it into components. The application of a finely ground sulfur-soil mixture into alkaline saline soil decreases pH and the carbonates and bicarbonates content, increases specific electrical conductivity and the phosphorus and potassium mobility, as well as leads to the active displacement of Na+ cations from the soil absorption complex into the solution. The ions transition from the soil absorption complex into solution considerably facilitates the removal of excess salts from the soil by washing. The main effect of sulfur-soil mixture application is during the first three weeks after applying the ameliorant. It depends on the amount of sulfur applied to the soil. The introduction of technology for processing sulfur-soil mixtures into ameliorants will minimize the amount of sulfur-containing waste stored in landfills and bring to the market a budget-friendly, natural and effective agrochemical to restore the fertility of alkaline saline soils. The results obtained can be used as an experimental basis for the development of new processing of sulfur-soil mixtures into marketable products. | ||||
| Keywords: industrial waste, sulfur, soil contaminated with sulfur, rational disposal, saline soils, ameliorants |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-151-156 |
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36, Moskovskya street, Kirov, 610000, Editorial Board "Theoretical and Applied Ecology." Phone/fax: (8332) 37-02-77 e-mail: envjournal@vyatsu.ru The journal was founded in 2007 |
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