Ethnoecology of the Slavic World: application significance on the Eurasian space
I.Yu. Trushkova, T.Ya. Ashikhmina, L.V. Kondakova
Section: Social ecology
Ecology is a science dealing with relations of living organisms with the environment and the ways of sustaining the
harmonious balance in the world. Ecological approach determines the attitude of the people to the environment, it is the
basis of their worldview, their behavior and culture. Ecologically oriented economy management and human behavior
mean tendency of the mankind to nature preserving and keeping their environment healthy. Using ethnocultural experience
helps to save financial, human, and natural resources, contributes to ecologization of industry and agriculture, and
to spread ecological culture among the population. It was stated that ethnocultural inheritance of the Slavs contains a
whole set of economic and everyday-life domestic rules of dealing with the environment, with the nature. “Ecological
inclusion” of people in the natural environment helped to avoid stress, strain, conflicts in the society and conflicts of the
society with the nature. Ecological experience of the Slavs is to be used in the process of ecologization of agricultural
production and everyday life, as well as in development of ecological education and enlightening.
Keywords: ethnoculture of the Slavs, sustainable nature management, ecology of the living space, ecology of clothing, art-therapy, ethnoecological education
Article published in number 1 for 2019 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2019-1-111-115
Views: 50
Microbial transformation of organic matter of sod-podzolic soils in the Pre-Urals under conditions of different use and application of mineral fertilizers
Microbiological parameters and character of transformation of humic substances of sod-podzolic soil at the end
of five rotations of eight-full crop rotation in long-term stationary field experiment (1978–2017) are investigated.
The direction of microbiological processes due to the effect of long-term application of mineral fertilizers in increasing
doses – 30 to 150 kg/ha of NPK was determined. A comparison of the arable soil with its virgin analogs (mixed forest
and natural meadow) as well as with the planting of goatling (Galegae orientalis L.). It was found that the different use
of sod-podzolic soil led to a change in the direction of soil microbial processes. Plowing the soil reduced the content of
total humus and increased the number and variety of actinomycetes involved in the mineralization of semi-decomposed
plant residues, i. e. detritus. In the variants with application of mineral fertilizers for cereal crops in doses 90–150 kg/
ha of NPK it was observed the preservation of the original content of humus and a decrease of the index of pedotrophy
compared to virgin counterparts and arable soil without fertilizers or treated with fertilizer in low doses. With the
long-term cultivation of perennial leguminous culture without applying fertilizers, a microbial community is formed
in the soil which is close in terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators to the microbial community of virgin soil
analogs and its humus state is stabilized.
Keywords: ecological and trophic groups, microorganisms, crop rotation, virgin soil analogs, Galegae orientalis L., mineral fertilizers, humus
Article published in number 1 for 2019 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2019-1-102-110
Views: 57
Optimization of the microbiological composition of the biological product for cultivation of Lotus corniculatus
In a field experiment the effectiveness of presowing treatment of seeds of Lotus corniculatus by mono- and multicomponent
microbial associations has been investigated. The associations were based on the nodule bacteria (NB)
of Rhizobium loti, cyanobacteria (CB) Fischerella muscicola and actinobacteria (AB) Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4.
Evaluation of effectiveness was carried out by the analysis of morphometric parameters of the aerial part and the plants
biomass, as well as the intensity of the tubercles formation. The results obtained during two years of studying the effect
of different microbes-introducents on the formation of the crop of Lotus corniculatus undoubtedly showed that the most
effective option was the treatment of seeds with a three-component association based on KB, CB and AB. The biomass
yield in this variant, both in the first year and in the second year of vegetation, was higher by 80.0% compared with the
control, while the nodulation intensity was also higher by 37.6% in the variant with three-component bacterization of seeds. The results of quantitative accounting of microorganisms showed that certain changes occur in the composition
of microbial complexes. Thus, in some variants, sharp fluctuations in the number of ammonifiers and actinomycetes
are noted. Least of all microbial introduction affected the number of nitrogen fixers. All these changes can be caused by
the influence of introduced microbes on the native microflora, and are probably associated with the volumes of isolated
root exometabolites, which, in turn, are affected by the species composition of inoculant microbes. It is shown that the
introduction of microorganisms into the soil with seeds stimulates the development of agronomically useful native soil
microbiota. CB and AB can be attributed to the set of promising biological agents for the creation of a complex preparation
designed to increase the productivity and yield of Lotus corniculatus.
Article published in number 1 for 2019 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2019-1-094-101
Views: 49
The possibility of reducing the toxicity of gaseous emissions of power plants by the effect of an electrostatic field on the organic fuel combustion zone
Electric power generation based on combustion of organic fuel is one of the largest sources of air pollution by toxic
substances, including products of incomplete combustion. To reduce the negative impact of power plants on the environment,
various methods are used to optimize the regimes for burning fuel and cleaning the emissions of combustion
products into the atmosphere. One of the promising ways to regulate the combustion of fuels in order to reduce emissions
is the effect of the electrostatic field on the combustion zone. This article presents the results of experimental studies in
which the influence of the electrostatic field on the combustion of various types of gaseous, liquid and solid organic fuels
in various configurations and directions of the electric field was studied. The change in temperature and completeness
of combustion in a diffusion flame can be explained as follows: the electric field causes a shift of active charged particles
to those torch regions where their presence was previously impossible. The field directed along the flow of fuel leads to
a slight increase in the length of the reaction zone, and also causes the displacement of charged particles to the flame
front, where they are oxidized. This leads to a change in the mechanism of chemical reactions, which in turn increases
the temperature and completeness of fuel combustion. The field directed against the flow of fuel reduces the length of the
reaction zone, with the result that the fuel does not have time to react completely. This leads to a decrease in temperature
and combustion. So, it is shown that the influence of the electric field on the combustion zone can both reduce and raise
the temperature of the flame, which can be used to optimize the combustion regimes with the aim of both improving
energy efficiency and reducing the negative impact on the environment.
Keywords: energy, organic fuel, combustion, electric field, toxicity of combustion products
Article published in number 1 for 2019 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2019-1-088-093
Views: 22
Development and optimization of biological treatment of quarry waters from mineral nitrogen in the Arctic
The new concept of bioremediation of anthropogenic water bodies and quarry wastewaters treatment by phytoextraction
and phytotransformation in the Arctic conditions is presented. This technology is based on transformating
the man-caused water reservoirs into nature-like marsh ecosystems. At the first stage, a new patented method for
advanced waste treatment using floating bioplato was developed and implemented. After implementing the bioplato,
the concentration of ammonium ions in water decreased by 53–90%, nitrate nitrogen reduced by 15–20%. At the
second stage, the floating bioplato technology was modified into the highly efficient purificating marsh ecosystem,
which allowed to cover the waterbody territory to the greatest possible extent. The technology is based on the creation
of phytomats enabling in the accelerated mode to form plant blocks of three different types. They are aimed
both at local grassing down, and at swamping deep and shallow areas of sediment ponds. In forming phytomats,
two soil substitutional substrates (thermovermiculite, wood sawdust) and regionally-optimized assortment of 24
plant species are used. The proposed technology does not require energy, chemicals and soil components which
are scarce in the region. The predominance of natural ecosystem processes in the formed phytocenoses allows to
achieve maximum efficiency, and the use of available materials contributes to minimizing the costs of creating and
maintaining the system. The introduction of this technology and formation of the artificial phytocenosis with the
area of about 30% of the man-caused reservoirs territory made it possible to increase the efficiency of wastewater
treating from mineral nitrogen compounds by 22%.
The paper presents the results of innovative design development for multicomponent adsorption filters with sliding
cartridges or with a metal-graphite electrode system. The proposed filters allow providing water purification by 98–99%
simultaneously from various polluting organic substances, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The filtering media
of these filters include bentonite modified by various methods. To study the effectiveness of adsorption filters as a rapid
method, qualitative spot test analysis (sensu Feigl) was used. To control the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
in aqueous media and to ensure effective sewage treatment of natural contaminated waters, a luminescent solid-substrate
method was applied. This method permits combining the preceding sorption concentration of substances on a cellulose
matrix, modified with a surfactant, and analyzing directly in the solid phase of the sorbent. Optimal characteristics of
luminescent control of ecotoxicant content before and after water purification were determined. Laboratory studies on
water treatment efficiency using multicomponent adsorption filter with retractable cartridges of a model solution including
a complex of polluting organic substances (pyrene, chrysene, benzpyrene, resorcinol) allowed identifying optimal
filtering media represented by activated silica gel; bentonite, modified with carbon nanotubes and glycerol after heat
treatment at 650 оC; bentonite after heat treatment at 650 оC; bentonite, modified with carbon nanotubes after heat treatment
at 550 оC. Laboratory studies of water purification efficiency by multicomponent adsorption filter with metallographic
electrode system of a model solution, including pyrene, chrysene, benzpyrene, resorcinol, m-aminophenol, o-toluidine,
permitted to identify the most efficient filtering media comprising of synthetic zeolite; bentonite modified with carbon
nanotubes and glycerol after heat treatment at 550 оC with a gradual temperature increase; organobentonite; bentonite
modified with carbon nanotubes and glycerol after heat treatment at 550 оC; activated silica gel; bentonite after heat treatment
at 800 оC. The proposed effective sorption water purification systems based on a multicomponent filtering media
with luminescent control of ecotoxicant content in resulting solution can be recommended for successful introduction at
industrial enterprises, producing wastewaters, as well as at water treatment plants.
Keywords: water quality control, water treatment, luminescent analysis, solid-substrate luminescence, adsorption filter, filtering media
Article published in number 1 for 2019 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2019-1-073-081
Views: 16
Distribution, number and protection of the Falconiformes in Nenets Autonomous district
O.Y. Mineev, Y.N. Mineev, S.K. Kochanov
Section: Population ecology
The study on biodiversity and territorial distribution of order Falconiformes was conducted from 1973 to 2018 in
tundra of Nenets Autonomous district. There are analyzing data on distribution and abundance of 18 species of birds
of prey. On the surveyed area it is collected an information about type of staying of such genuses as: Pandion (1 species),
Pernis (1 species), Circus (4 species), Accipiter (2 species), Buteo (2 species), Aquila (1 species), Haliaeetus (1
species), and Falco (6 species). It is determined authentic breeding of 11 species: Osprey, Northern Goshawk, Pallid
Harrier, Hen Harrier, Rough-legged Buzzard, Golden Eagle, White-tailed Eagle, Gyrfalcon, Peregrine Falcon, Merlin
and Common Kestrel. Hypothetically 3 species are breeding too. The category of passage birds is presented by Honey
Buzzard, Pallid Harrier, Monatgu’s Harrier, Marsh harrier, Sparrow Hawk and Eurasian Hobby. To preserve natural
habitats it is proposed a number of areas of high importance for habitats and mass reproduction of birds of prey. The
most perspective are basisn of the rivers Belaya, Velt, Neruta, Bolshaya Rogovaya, Bolshaya Oyu, Sojma, Sula, and
the lakes Urduizskie, Indigskie and Vasutkini.
Article published in number 1 for 2019 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2019-1-065-072
Views: 20
The dynamics of the elements of fitness of experimental populations of Drosophila under conditions of chronic low-intensity exposure
I.N. Yuraneva, V.G. Zainullin
Section: Population ecology
One of the main issues of radiobiology is the study not only of the sensitivity of cellular structures and individual
systems of the body under chronic irradiation, but also the study of genetic variability of populations. Chronic exposure
increases mutations in the population and stabilizes the number of mutations after several generations. It is shown that
as a result of low-dose exposure to natural populations, the genetic load has been growing for many generations until
the level of mutation load stabilizes.
The study of the dynamics of genetic variability of populations, which is characterized by indicators of adaptation
of individuals (fertility, viability) to environmental conditions and mutation load (dominant lethal mutations) allows
not only to assess the sensitivity of populations to the effects of adverse factors, but also to determine the mechanisms
of maintaining homeosis populations in changing conditions. The effects of low-dose chronic radiation on experimental
populations of Drosophila derived from wild-type lines that differ in the content of mobile genetic elements are studied.
It is shown that chronic irradiation (0.25 mGy/h, Ra-226) for 30 generations leads to destabilization of the genome,
manifested in changes in the indicators of adaptability and mutability of populations, namely, in a significant increase
in the level of embryonic mortality, reducing the level of viability, increasing the frequency of dominant lethals, reducing
fertility in irradiated populations.
Article published in number 1 for 2019 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2019-1-060-064
Views: 16
Red Book of vascular plants along oil pipelines in Yaroslavl Region
L.P. Kapelkina, T.E. Teplyakova
Section: Population ecology
Oil-pipe line exploiting is connected inevitably with an influence upon natural biotopes. The route of our investigation
of technogenic biotopes passed along 30 km of oil-pipeline protection zone. There were found 11 vascular plant species from
173 of Yaroslavl Region Red Book: Carex sylvatica Huds., Dactylorhiza baltica (Klinge) Orlova, Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce)
Soó, D. incarnata (L.) Soó, D. maculata (L.) Soó, Glyceria lithuanica (Gorski) Gorski, Listera ovata (L.) R.Br., Neottia
nidus-avis (L.) Rich., Ophioglossum vulgatum L., Veratrum lobelianum Bernh., Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich, in addition
Dactylorhiza baltica also is the species of Russian Federation Red Book. The important information including status of Red
Book plant species, category of protection, biotopes and living state is given in the article together with the indispensable
protective measures fot its preservation and the necessity of periodical plant monitoring. Some Red Book plant populations
are scanty or even found in a single number. The most of them are corresponding with satisfactory living states. Species of
Dactylorhiza are more prevailing in pipeline protection zone than other Red Book plants. This phenomenon is connected
with auspicious conditions of lighting and moistening in meadow and marsh-meadow biotopes that are formed after felling
trees and shrubs. Within protection zone with Red Book plants felling is expedient in autumnal period after ripening and
seeds fall. During reconstruction of oil-pipeline transplantation of Red Book plants is higly recommended to the nearest
appropriate biotope not included in the area of reconstructive work, but optimally to the protected areas.
Keywords: vascular plants, Red Book, technogenic biotopes, biodiversity, oil-pipeline safe-zone
Article published in number 1 for 2019 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2019-1-054-059
Views: 17
Red Book of vascular plants along oil pipelines in Yaroslavl Region
E.A. Snegin, A.S. Barkhatov
Section: Population ecology
On the basis of morphometric, phenetic and molecular genetic methods, the population structure of the Pelophylax
ridibundus inhabiting the urbanized environment of Belgorod and its environs (Russia) was studied. The obtained results
confirmed the previously stated assumptions, according to which under the conditions of anthropogenic load the
color morph “striata” dominates (the proportion of individuals on impact territories was 70 to 93%). In relatively pure
biotopes, the color morph “maculate” prevailed (58–67%). The morphometric characteristics revealed a significant differentiation
of populations, caused by heterogeneity in the urban environment. For most morphometric indices, ANOVA
showed significant differences between groups (p < 0.05), which is probably a consequence of the heterogeneity of the
urban environment, especially in terms of contamination and food supply. But the index of genetic differentiation (Fst)
at allozyme loci averaged 0.264, and the level of gene flow between populations (Nm) ranged from 0.107 to 32 individuals
per generation. This indicates an obvious panmixia among the populations of P. ridibundus in the study area. Occasionally
nonspecific allozyme loci were noted, indicating the hybrid origin of the individuals (hybrids between P. ridibundus and
P. lessonae). The high of genetic diversity indices (He = 0.394±0.061, I = 0.629±0.100) and the low inbreeding values in
populations (IF = -0.112±0.075) indicate an increased viability of the amphibian groups studied in the study area, which
is a consequence of the adaptations of populations of P. ridibundus to inhabitation in urban conditions.
ISSN 1995-4301
Select viewing options
