ISSN 1995-4301(Print)
ISSN 2618-8406
(Online)
Current issues:
Online version of the journal
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Select viewing optionsWaste disposal in the Udmurt Republic: analysis of the raw material base and current trends |
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| O.P. Druzhakina, I.L. Bukharina, A.G. Kovalchuk | ||||
| Section: Problems of environmental protection |
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| An analytical study of statistical data on the types and volumes of waste generated in the Udmurt Republic was carried out. The trends and directions of the formation of the industry for waste management in the Republic are shown, taking into account the current regulatory framework and indicators of resource saving wastes generated in the region are considered from the point of view of the raw material base of the secondary raw materials market. The prospects for the development of the processing industry, minimization of environmental damage are shown. Proposals have been developed for the types of waste that are promising in the implementation of technologies and methods of recycling. The problems of separate waste collection in educational institutions are touched upon. | ||||
| Keywords: waste disposal, separate waste collection, secondary raw materials, waste accumulation, solid household waste |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-123-128 |
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A new approach to developing a remediation plan for soil contaminated with industrial waste |
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| M.A. Shumilova, V.G. Petrov | ||||
| Section: Remediation and rehabilitation |
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| After what happened in August 2018 the spill of caustic industrial waste on the agricultural lands of the Alnash district of Udmurtia, we were tasked with the prompt remediation of the affected farmland. A group of environmental and resource-saving technologies carried out regular sampling of four soil samples, including the control one from a conditionally clean soil, before the start of work and after technological measures for a long period. Analysis of the water extract of contaminated soil samples a month after the spill showed a high acidity of the waste: pH = 1.546 ÷ 2.186. The content of nitrates in the soil was determined by a photometric method; however, the acid trapped in the soil oxidized the iron(II) ions to iron(III); therefore, the formation of its complex of bright purple color makes further determination of nitrates problematic. The addition of a 5% sodium carbonate solution to the original soil filtrate at a ratio of 2: 1 caused the formation of a precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide, which was filtered off and then worked according to the procedure. According to the experimental data, nitrates in the contaminated soil did not exceed the values of the background sample. The quantitative determination of chloride ions in the soil was carried out by argentometric method, preliminarily precipitating iron(III) with a sodium carbonate solution. The excess of the chloride content in the contaminated soil compared to the background was from 113 to 213 times. A method for remediation of contaminated soil was developed at the experimental stand. Carrying out the proposed measures made it possible to reduce the amount of pollutants in the affected soil to background values. To exclude the ingress of hazardous industrial waste into the environment it is required to create specialized enterprises for their neutralization and disposal. | ||||
| Keywords: damaged soil, industrial waste, chlorides, nitrates, acidity, remediation |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-198-202 |
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Iron-based nanostructured reagents in the processes of biological wastewater treatment |
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| Y.V. Kobeleva, А.S. Sirotkin, T.V. Vdovina, N.N. Shurgalina, E.I. Sidorova | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
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| The joint in the time and in the space biological and reagent treatment processes act as the modern innovative proposals in water treatment and sewerage technologies in order to increase the efficiency of removing various water impurities and improve the physiological characteristics, biochemical and operational properties of microorganisms-destructors of pollutants. Moreover, it is relevant to assess the effect of reagent which is introduced into the microbial community of the activated sludge. One of the promising directions of development for joint biological and reagent wastewater treatment is the design of innovative reagent preparations based on nanostructured metals, in particular iron. This work presents the results of obtaining of iron nanoparticles, experimental determination of the dosage for iron nanoparticles in wastewater treatment system. Comparative analysis has been performed to assess how the iron-based nanostructured reagents used in the processes of biological wastewater treatment remove phosphorus compounds. In addition, the efficiency of the treatment processes was evaluated by the extent to which the concentrations of organic substances, nitrogen compounds, phosphorus were changed, as well as by the enzymatic activity of the activated sludge microbial community. The results of experimental studies have shown that the using of nanostructured reagents improves the most important technological parameter of the process - sedimentation of the activated sludge. The results indicate the increase in the wastewater treatment efficiency in all samples with iron-containing reagents. The analysis of the microbial community state on the activated sludge enzymatic activity has shown that the inhibition of microbial activity was not observed when applying the reagents based on nanostructured iron. | ||||
| Keywords: active sludge, wastewater, biological treatment, reagents, iron nanoparticles, dephosphorization, sedimentation |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-117-122 |
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Economic effect of environmental safety of galvanic production |
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| A.A. Nester, O.O. Nikitin, O.V. Romanishina, V.V. Mysliborskiy, S.V. Ataev, O.S. Tyutyunnik, N.M. Gordiy | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
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| Purpose. Dumping and preserving spent pickling solutions on the territory of enterprises leads to environmental pollution, requires significant costs for their neutralization at the enterprise and at treatment facilities at the production sites. The purpose of the article is to present the results of research and tests carried out to create environmentally friendly equipment. Methodology. In this work, individual processes of regeneration of copper-ammonia pickling solutions with the production of dense copper precipitates, the release of which sharply reduce the formation and storage of waste in the form of sludge on the territory of enterprises, are studied. Results. It is noted that the chemical correction of pickling solutions leads to the formation of a significant amount of wastewater, which contains heavy metals, which negatively affect soils, groundwater, flora and humans, as the top of the food chain. The creation of equipment for the recovery of used solutions with the release of metal in a form suitable for remelting is becoming an important element in saving the environment. Scientific novelty. The research carried out made it possible to create promising equipment on their basis. The diagram of the etching line with the withdrawal of the used etching solution for regeneration to restore operating parameters is presented. The research-based etching line for printed circuit boards provides for the reuse of rinsing waters in the technological process to replenish the withdrawn pickling solution or after their recovery and use for rinsing the printed circuit boards. For the regeneration of a copper-alkaline solution based on CuCl2, a continuous-operation unit was proposed using a stainless steel or titanium cathode 3 mm thick and a graphite anode 30 mm thick. Practical significance. The use of a dense precipitation copper recovery process facilitates metal removal by simple mechanical operations and avoids the complex design for recovering copper in the form of metal powders. Separate dimensions of structural elements are given to ensure the operation of the regenerator of the used pickling solution. | ||||
| Keywords: regeneration, sludge, pickling solution, titanium, cathode, wash water |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-086-092 |
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Prospects for sonochemical treatment of wastewater containing synthetic surfactants |
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| R.K. Zakirov, F.Y. Akhmadullina, E.S. Balymova | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
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| Experimental studies have been carried out to study the effect of low-frequency ultrasound on the destruction of nonionic synthetic surfactants, which have different molecular weights. Model solutions of two nonionic surfactants: polyethylene oxide and oxanol were chosen as the objects of study. The studies were carried out in order to confirm the prospects of using low-frequency ultrasound in the process of local treatment of wastewater, containing nonionic synthetic surfactants. The level of disintegration of polyethylene oxide and oxanol was evaluated by two methods in a comparative aspect: viscometry and photocolorimetry. A similar nature of the dependences of the destruction efficiency of nonionic surfactants, obtained on the basis of photocolorimetric and viscometric measurements, was revealed. The possibility of using the viscometric method for express determination of the most effective mode of ultrasonic exposure has been confirmed. A more significant effect of the intensity of ultrasonic action on the degree of decomposition of nonionic surfactants was found in comparison with the duration of ultrasonic treatment. The possibility of manifestation of surface-active properties in the decay products of the studied pollutants is shown. Prospective modes of ultrasonic treatment of industrial effluents are proposed. As a result of the research, the most promising from the point of view of economics and purification efficiency was established mode of preliminary ultrasonic treatment of industrial effluents: intensity - 6 W / cm², duration - 1 min. This mode provides a sufficiently high efficiency of decomposition of nonionic surfactants. At significant initial concentrations of nonionic surfactants in wastewater (above 50 mg / dm³), it is recommended to increase the intensity of ultrasonic action. | ||||
| Keywords: synthetic surfactants, ultrasound, wastewater treatment, photometry, viscosimetry. |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-111-116 |
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Adsorption purification of phenol-containing wastewater from oil refineries |
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| L.A. Nikolaeva, N.E. Aikenova | ||||
| Section: Problems of environmental protection |
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| In this paper, the possibility of adsorptive purification of industrial wastewater from oil refineries from phenols by industrial wastes is considered. It is proposed to use carbonate sludge for water treatment of natural water as one of the most accessible materials, which is a large-tonnage waste of energy, for sewage treatment. A flowchart for the purification of wastewater from phenols is proposed, the calculation of the adsorption filter with the loading of carbonate sludge in the scheme for the purification of wastewater from phenols is performed. | ||||
| Keywords: adsorption, adsorbent, carbonate sludge, wastewater, phenols, wastewater after treatment |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-136-142 |
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Gas-air emissions from glass container production as a risk factor for public health |
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| T.А. Trifonova, A.А. Martsev, O.G. Selivanov | ||||
| Section: Problems of environmental protection |
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| Therefore, the purpose of this work was to assess the impact of environmental pollution on the health of the city, which operates a modern enterprise for the production of glass products. The paper uses the statistical data of the official services of the region in the Gorokhovetsky district of the Vladimir region, as well as the data of their own research. Determination of heavy metals in the soil was performed by x-ray fluorescence method on the spectrometer "SPECTROSCAN MAX-G". Determination of anion content in soils was carried out using water extracts of soil samples by capillary electrophoresis on the device "Drops-104". Statistically significant positive correlation coefficients between population morbidity and emission dynamics from stationary sources were obtained. Data on the content of heavy metals (HM) and anions in different parts of Gorokhovets were obtained. It is established that the main stationary source of environmental pollution is a glass plant, by-products of which are primarily nitrogen oxides. Statistically significant correlation between the dynamics of emissions of pollutants from stationary sources and a number of classes of diseases, as well as the excess of nitrates in the soil of the city, in comparison with the control, suggests a possible dependence of the development of pathological processes in the population from the receipt of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. The solution to the problem of reducing harmful emissions of glass container production can be innovative changes in the technology of glass cooking and furnace design, the use of new devices for burning organic fuel, the transition to cooking using electricity, which practically eliminates the entry of harmful volatile pollutants into the atmosphere. | ||||
| Keywords: glass production, heavy metals, nitric oxide, morbidity |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-155-161 |
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HELCOM “hot spots”: cattle-breeding complex “Pashskiy” as the object of accumulated environmental damage |
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| A.M. Dregulo, V.Z. Rodionov | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| he economic activity of livestock complexes located in the Leningrad region, in particular the Pashsky livestock complex, has a negative impact on the ecological state of the Gulf of Finland. The main reasons for this were laid in the 70s of the last century, when without sufficient scientific justification, livestock and poultry were transferred to the industrial basis. The present study includes a retrospective look at the process of degradation of the Pashsky livestock complex in the context of accumulated environmental damage. It is shown that the most probable source of anthropogenic impact is the leaching of manure masses from the territories of the complex, which is facilitated by the increasing intensity of precipitation. The most significant causes of these negative phenomena to date remain the lack of hydro meteorological information, both current, due to insufficient development of the observation network, and retrospective - due to irreparable flaws and losses in the past years, the failed policy of the industry, the lack of practice of "environmental debt" and management decisions on the treatment of objects of accumulated harm to the environment. | ||||
| Keywords: Gulf of Finland, HELCOM «hot spots», livestock complex, accumulated environmental damage |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-049-054 |
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New approach to utilization of oil-polluted soil |
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| E. Gilazhov, A. Saginayev, M. Urazgaliyeva, A. Aronova, S. Izgaliyev | ||||
| Section: Remediation and rehabilitation |
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| The material for the study of the authors selected soils polluted with oil, selected from the territory of the oil and gas industry «Prorvaneft» and the oil and gas industry «Zhyloyneft» of the Atyrau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and studied the possibility of their utilization by using as organic binders to strengthen the soil. The result of the research is the development of the new method for the disposal of waste oil and gas production - oil-contaminated soils by using them as an organic binder to strengthen the soil in the construction of unpaved roads. The use of compositions prepared from contaminated soil, selected from the «Karaton» sludge collector of the oil and gas industry «Zhyloyneft» for physical and mechanical properties complies with the requirements of the building regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan and even exceeds the requirements for soils reinforced with organic binders for the construction of upper layers of foundations and road pavements of III-V technical equipment category. The soil strengthened by the proposed astringent compound, even with a lower content of oil hydrocarbons in the composition, has high strength, and in addition, water resistance is 2 times improved. By the proposed method, it is possible to obtain astringent compositions for strengthening the soils of the lower layer of the base of dirt roads. They give high strength, frost resistance to the soil and improve the water resistance of the soil than the well-known binders. The application of this method can solve one of the most important environmental problems in the field of soil and atmosphere protection. | ||||
| Keywords: oil and gas production, contaminated soil, utilization, strengthening of soil, organic binders, road construction. |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-185-191 |
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Modification of a bioassay with enchitreides for ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated soil |
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| A.P. Baranov, M.I. Lunev, L.P. Voronina | ||||
| Section: Ecotoxicology |
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| Interpretation of bioassay results of both mono-contamination and complex multifactorial ones is carried out on the basis of comparison with the data of chemical analysis. Quite often, chemical analysis data correlate poorly with toxic bioassay indicators, which depend on both the bioavailability of pollutants, and the entire set of conditions of the contaminated area. In addition, in case of contamination with a pollutant of unknown properties or complex, multi-component contamination, it is difficult to select the necessary chemical analyses and obtain a complete picture of chemical contamination. However, the nature and source of the toxic effect may remain unexplained. Bioassay (test – Enchytraeus albidus) was carried out in the laboratory experiments with solutions and water extracts from the compost of sewage sludge. Lab experiments studied the possibility for the use of the antidote-1 (1-methylnicotinamide iodide) to determine the presence of metaphos and antidote-2 (dimercaprol sodium) to in turn determine the presence of Cd. Test- organisms (E. albidus) used for ecological studies to determine the toxicity in test-samples by bioassay undergo adaptation by preliminary treatment with specific antidotes. It was determined that use of adapted test-organisms to evaluate the toxicity of sample that has substance sensitive to the particular antidote leads to the decrease of toxicity. Thus the use of antidotes for bioassay may close the gap to our understanding of etiology and causes of toxicity of the sample under study. Further development of the study requires meticulous approach not only because of the change to bioassay but due to requirements for recultivation procedures for contaminated samples as well. | ||||
| Keywords: bioassay, Enchytraeidae, antidote, pollutant |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-169-175 |
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36, Moskovskya street, Kirov, 610000, Editorial Board "Theoretical and Applied Ecology." Phone/fax: (8332) 37-02-77 e-mail: envjournal@vyatsu.ru The journal was founded in 2007 |
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