ISSN 1995-4301(Print)
ISSN 2618-8406
(Online)
Current issues:
Online version of the journal
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Select viewing optionsGas-air emissions from glass container production as a risk factor for public health |
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| T.А. Trifonova, A.А. Martsev, O.G. Selivanov | ||||
| Section: Problems of environmental protection |
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| Therefore, the purpose of this work was to assess the impact of environmental pollution on the health of the city, which operates a modern enterprise for the production of glass products. The paper uses the statistical data of the official services of the region in the Gorokhovetsky district of the Vladimir region, as well as the data of their own research. Determination of heavy metals in the soil was performed by x-ray fluorescence method on the spectrometer "SPECTROSCAN MAX-G". Determination of anion content in soils was carried out using water extracts of soil samples by capillary electrophoresis on the device "Drops-104". Statistically significant positive correlation coefficients between population morbidity and emission dynamics from stationary sources were obtained. Data on the content of heavy metals (HM) and anions in different parts of Gorokhovets were obtained. It is established that the main stationary source of environmental pollution is a glass plant, by-products of which are primarily nitrogen oxides. Statistically significant correlation between the dynamics of emissions of pollutants from stationary sources and a number of classes of diseases, as well as the excess of nitrates in the soil of the city, in comparison with the control, suggests a possible dependence of the development of pathological processes in the population from the receipt of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. The solution to the problem of reducing harmful emissions of glass container production can be innovative changes in the technology of glass cooking and furnace design, the use of new devices for burning organic fuel, the transition to cooking using electricity, which practically eliminates the entry of harmful volatile pollutants into the atmosphere. | ||||
| Keywords: glass production, heavy metals, nitric oxide, morbidity |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-155-161 |
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HELCOM “hot spots”: cattle-breeding complex “Pashskiy” as the object of accumulated environmental damage |
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| A.M. Dregulo, V.Z. Rodionov | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| he economic activity of livestock complexes located in the Leningrad region, in particular the Pashsky livestock complex, has a negative impact on the ecological state of the Gulf of Finland. The main reasons for this were laid in the 70s of the last century, when without sufficient scientific justification, livestock and poultry were transferred to the industrial basis. The present study includes a retrospective look at the process of degradation of the Pashsky livestock complex in the context of accumulated environmental damage. It is shown that the most probable source of anthropogenic impact is the leaching of manure masses from the territories of the complex, which is facilitated by the increasing intensity of precipitation. The most significant causes of these negative phenomena to date remain the lack of hydro meteorological information, both current, due to insufficient development of the observation network, and retrospective - due to irreparable flaws and losses in the past years, the failed policy of the industry, the lack of practice of "environmental debt" and management decisions on the treatment of objects of accumulated harm to the environment. | ||||
| Keywords: Gulf of Finland, HELCOM «hot spots», livestock complex, accumulated environmental damage |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-049-054 |
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New approach to utilization of oil-polluted soil |
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| E. Gilazhov, A. Saginayev, M. Urazgaliyeva, A. Aronova, S. Izgaliyev | ||||
| Section: Remediation and rehabilitation |
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| The material for the study of the authors selected soils polluted with oil, selected from the territory of the oil and gas industry «Prorvaneft» and the oil and gas industry «Zhyloyneft» of the Atyrau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and studied the possibility of their utilization by using as organic binders to strengthen the soil. The result of the research is the development of the new method for the disposal of waste oil and gas production - oil-contaminated soils by using them as an organic binder to strengthen the soil in the construction of unpaved roads. The use of compositions prepared from contaminated soil, selected from the «Karaton» sludge collector of the oil and gas industry «Zhyloyneft» for physical and mechanical properties complies with the requirements of the building regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan and even exceeds the requirements for soils reinforced with organic binders for the construction of upper layers of foundations and road pavements of III-V technical equipment category. The soil strengthened by the proposed astringent compound, even with a lower content of oil hydrocarbons in the composition, has high strength, and in addition, water resistance is 2 times improved. By the proposed method, it is possible to obtain astringent compositions for strengthening the soils of the lower layer of the base of dirt roads. They give high strength, frost resistance to the soil and improve the water resistance of the soil than the well-known binders. The application of this method can solve one of the most important environmental problems in the field of soil and atmosphere protection. | ||||
| Keywords: oil and gas production, contaminated soil, utilization, strengthening of soil, organic binders, road construction. |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-185-191 |
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Modification of a bioassay with enchitreides for ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated soil |
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| A.P. Baranov, M.I. Lunev, L.P. Voronina | ||||
| Section: Ecotoxicology |
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| Interpretation of bioassay results of both mono-contamination and complex multifactorial ones is carried out on the basis of comparison with the data of chemical analysis. Quite often, chemical analysis data correlate poorly with toxic bioassay indicators, which depend on both the bioavailability of pollutants, and the entire set of conditions of the contaminated area. In addition, in case of contamination with a pollutant of unknown properties or complex, multi-component contamination, it is difficult to select the necessary chemical analyses and obtain a complete picture of chemical contamination. However, the nature and source of the toxic effect may remain unexplained. Bioassay (test – Enchytraeus albidus) was carried out in the laboratory experiments with solutions and water extracts from the compost of sewage sludge. Lab experiments studied the possibility for the use of the antidote-1 (1-methylnicotinamide iodide) to determine the presence of metaphos and antidote-2 (dimercaprol sodium) to in turn determine the presence of Cd. Test- organisms (E. albidus) used for ecological studies to determine the toxicity in test-samples by bioassay undergo adaptation by preliminary treatment with specific antidotes. It was determined that use of adapted test-organisms to evaluate the toxicity of sample that has substance sensitive to the particular antidote leads to the decrease of toxicity. Thus the use of antidotes for bioassay may close the gap to our understanding of etiology and causes of toxicity of the sample under study. Further development of the study requires meticulous approach not only because of the change to bioassay but due to requirements for recultivation procedures for contaminated samples as well. | ||||
| Keywords: bioassay, Enchytraeidae, antidote, pollutant |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-169-175 |
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Geographical and ecological land zoning of onshore oil pipeline location by level of hazard to environment from emergency oil spills in Arctic region |
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| A.S. Lokhov, M.G. Gubaidullin, V.B. Korobov, A.G. Tutygin | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| The level of environmental impact from emergency oil spills in the Arctic region is wide variety even for small areas due to considerable heterogeneity of factors affecting the fate of spilled oil. Authors suggest a point rating classification model for assessment the hazard level of oil spills by means of the sum of products of the factor indicators and their weight coefficients. This paper investigates next factors: oil spreading assessment; number of water bodies that can be polluted; surface slope. Calculations performed for “Yuzhnoye Khylchuyu – Varandey” pipeline in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russian Federation. Oil spreading assessment is calculated with hydrodynamic model considering type of soil (in this case – various types of peat), soil permeability, soil humidity, oil viscosity, evaporation of oil and others. Number of water bodies is calculated by means of Earth satellite images, surface slope – by means of topographic map. The number of water bodies on this pipeline was 59, including 39 lakes and 20 rivers. Average surface slope for pipeline was low (1%), this is not so significant for hazard level assessment. Authors determined that level of potential risk to the environment is significantly different depending on factor influence. Paper suggests five-step verbal-numeric rating scale for assessment the hazard level and pipeline zoning was carried out on this basis. | ||||
| Keywords: oil pipeline, onshore oil spills, zoning, Arctic region |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-043-048 |
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Cultivation of Spirulina platensis (Nordst.) Geitler on waste water of poultry farms |
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| S.Yu. Gorbunova, I.N. Gudvilovich | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
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| The investigation of cyanobacteria Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis growth in the chicken manure extract (MCE) was carried out. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in 1 liter of nutrient medium prepared on the basis of chicken manure extract is calculated. In this case, the protein and photosynthetic pigments contents in the cells of the S. platensis is significantly reduced by the 6th days and leads to the culture death. Increasing the volume fraction of the MCE in the nutrient medium has a significant impact on the pigments contents and total protein in the cyanobacteria biomass. Optimum concentrations of extract (20–30%), which provide a high rate of spirulina growth and the accumulation of biologically active substances in the obtained biomass, were determined. It was shown that 20–30% of MCE concentration allows to increase culture yield by 10–20% compared to control sample and to obtain the S. рlatensis biomass containing significant amounts of biologically active substances. It was found that the content of protein, chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin in the S. рlatensis cells increased by 2.5–6 times at the linear stage of culture growth at the increase of the volume fraction of MCE in the nutrient medium by 5 to 30%. S. рlatensis biomass, produced from such cultivation process, meets the criteria of high-quality biomass contents of protein, chlorophyll a, carotenoids and C-phycocyanin (51, 1.1, 0.4 and 5.5% correspondingly). The approach proposed in the paper allows to reduce material costs for the traditional mineral media preparation for microalgae cultivation. | ||||
| Keywords: Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis, microalgae, chicken manure, biologically active substances |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-068-074 |
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Algorithm for implementing the program of radioecological monitoring of the environment in the vicinity of nuclear and radiation-hazardous facilities |
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| E.I. Karpenko, N.I. Sanzharova, A.V. Panov | ||||
| Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts |
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| The main tasks and main stages for implementing the radioecological monitoring system in the vicinity of nuclear fuel cycle facilities are presented. The principles for performing the radioecological monitoring are determined. To improve the efficiency and quality of work in the implementation of projects on radioecological research of the territory, there is a need to develop algorithms for implementing programs of radiation-ecological monitoring and its application in the environmental monitoring system, including the assessment and forecast of changes in indicators of this state. The authors have developed the algorithm of investigations in the framework of environmental radioecological monitoring in the region where nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities are located. A set of independent algorithms has been elaborated for each stage of work, describing the order of actions during conducting radiation and environmental monitoring. The paper presents the conceptual outline for realizing the radioecological monitoring program. The elements of the effective work within the framework of contaminants control in the components of ecosystems and radiation safety assurance of humans and biota are identified. The authors have developed an approach, whereby the researcher has the opportunity to properly organize the sequence of actions to create a network of radioecological monitoring, performing field and cameral work. | ||||
| Keywords: radioecological monitoring, nuclear and radiation-hazardous facilities, radionuclides, environment, algorithm |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-030-034 |
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Remote monitoring of overgrowth of higher aquatic vegetation in the water area of the eutrophied reservoir |
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| Т.I. Kutyavina, V.V. Rutman, Т.Ya. Аshikhmina | ||||
| Section: Research methods. Models and projects |
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| The paper presents information on the distribution of thickets of coastal aquatic and higher aquatic plants in the water area of the Omutninsky reservoir, subject to eutrophication processes. During the route survey of the reservoir, 33 dominant species of aquatic and coastal aquatic plants were identified. Large thickets of higher plants were found in shallow areas in the upper reaches and in the central part of the reservoir along the coastline. Interpretation of satellite images from the Landsat-5 and Sentinel-2A satellites was carried out, the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated. According to the results of the NDVI calculation, the areas of overgrowth of the water area of the Omutninskoye reservoir with emergent vegetation were calculated. A decrease in the areas of overgrowth in the upper reaches of the reservoir was noted in the period from 2011 to 2019, which is most likely associated with the influence of the temperature factor. | ||||
| Keywords: inland waters, eutrophication, higher aquatic plants, NDVI, remote sensing of the Earth |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-3-036-040 |
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Uncertainty and Multifunctionality: Legal Challenges and Opportunities for Green Infrastructure (GI) |
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| Y.M. Gordeeva | ||||
| Section: Social ecology |
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| Nature and its vital contributions to people, which together embody biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are deteriorating from the changes in land and sea use, overexploitation of animals, plants and other organisms, pollution and climate change. [1] The anthropogenic changes in ecological systems have been so profound that scientists even warn that we have now entered a new geological period – Anthropocene [2]. As we continue degrading our natural environment in order to gain ecological, economic and social benefits, the utilization of “nature-based solutions (NBS)” remains an under-utilized option [3]. GI concept and the implementation of GI emerges as a policy response to address and reverse the current rather counterproductive practice. The European Commission defines GI as a “strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental features, designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services […]” [4]. Yet, designing and implementing GI policy has proved challenging: e.g. how to safeguard sound and effective decision-making in managing complex systems with multiple stakeholders at various temporal/spatial scales, under conditions of uncertainty, with multiple conflicting interests? These and other questions in relation to GI design and implementation were discussed in April, 2020 during the “Woodnet” project [5] international interdisciplinary webinar “Uncertainty and Multifunctionality: Legal Challenges and Opportunities for GI” (administered by the Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain – la – Neuve, Belgium). In the advent of a collective handbook and an international conference on the legal issues of GI design and implementation to be held in 2021, the present article deliberates on the pressing challenges, discussed during the webinar. | ||||
| Keywords: Green Infrastructure, uncertainty, multifunctionality, connectivity conservation, precautionary principle, adaptive management, evidence-based approach, environmental law. |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-3-217-223 |
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Effects of acidifying manure effluent on its microbiological characteristics |
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| L.V. Pilip, V.A. Kozvonin, N.V. Syrchina, E.P. Kolevatykh, T.Ya. Ashikhmina | ||||
| Section: Agroecology |
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| Modern industrial animal husbandry is a significant source of chemical and biological pollution of the environment. Animal manure and slurry present a particular environmental danger during their accumulation and storage until their disposal or application into the soil. The process of microbiological destruction of these wastes results in a wide range of pollutants being formed, including greenhouse gases, ammonia, toxic sulfur compounds, and others. One of the easiest ways to reduce microbiological activity is the acidification of manure effluent. As a result of experimental studies, it has been found that the treatment of pig slurry with a solution of waste sulfuric acid until reaching pH 5.3 leads to a decrease in the number of microorganisms in the treated wastes by 2.2 times on the 7th day and by 7.8 times on the 14th day of the experiment as compared to the control (non-acidified) samples. Acidification results in the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus sp., as well as a sharp decrease in the number of Peptostreptococcus sp. and Peptoniphilus sp. in test samples. Implementing techniques for manure acidification on industrial pig farms will improve the sanitary, epidemiological and environmental situation in animal premises. | ||||
| Keywords: pig manure, microbiology, livestock ecology, manure processing, sulfuric acid |
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| Article published in number 3 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-3-161-167 |
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36, Moskovskya street, Kirov, 610000, Editorial Board "Theoretical and Applied Ecology." Phone/fax: (8332) 37-02-77 e-mail: envjournal@vyatsu.ru The journal was founded in 2007 |
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