ISSN 1995-4301(Print)
ISSN 2618-8406
(Online)
Current issues:
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Select viewing optionsIron-based nanostructured reagents in the processes of biological wastewater treatment |
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| Y.V. Kobeleva, А.S. Sirotkin, T.V. Vdovina, N.N. Shurgalina, E.I. Sidorova | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
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| The joint in the time and in the space biological and reagent treatment processes act as the modern innovative proposals in water treatment and sewerage technologies in order to increase the efficiency of removing various water impurities and improve the physiological characteristics, biochemical and operational properties of microorganisms-destructors of pollutants. Moreover, it is relevant to assess the effect of reagent which is introduced into the microbial community of the activated sludge. One of the promising directions of development for joint biological and reagent wastewater treatment is the design of innovative reagent preparations based on nanostructured metals, in particular iron. This work presents the results of obtaining of iron nanoparticles, experimental determination of the dosage for iron nanoparticles in wastewater treatment system. Comparative analysis has been performed to assess how the iron-based nanostructured reagents used in the processes of biological wastewater treatment remove phosphorus compounds. In addition, the efficiency of the treatment processes was evaluated by the extent to which the concentrations of organic substances, nitrogen compounds, phosphorus were changed, as well as by the enzymatic activity of the activated sludge microbial community. The results of experimental studies have shown that the using of nanostructured reagents improves the most important technological parameter of the process - sedimentation of the activated sludge. The results indicate the increase in the wastewater treatment efficiency in all samples with iron-containing reagents. The analysis of the microbial community state on the activated sludge enzymatic activity has shown that the inhibition of microbial activity was not observed when applying the reagents based on nanostructured iron. | ||||
| Keywords: active sludge, wastewater, biological treatment, reagents, iron nanoparticles, dephosphorization, sedimentation |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-117-122 |
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Economic effect of environmental safety of galvanic production |
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| A.A. Nester, O.O. Nikitin, O.V. Romanishina, V.V. Mysliborskiy, S.V. Ataev, O.S. Tyutyunnik, N.M. Gordiy | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
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| Purpose. Dumping and preserving spent pickling solutions on the territory of enterprises leads to environmental pollution, requires significant costs for their neutralization at the enterprise and at treatment facilities at the production sites. The purpose of the article is to present the results of research and tests carried out to create environmentally friendly equipment. Methodology. In this work, individual processes of regeneration of copper-ammonia pickling solutions with the production of dense copper precipitates, the release of which sharply reduce the formation and storage of waste in the form of sludge on the territory of enterprises, are studied. Results. It is noted that the chemical correction of pickling solutions leads to the formation of a significant amount of wastewater, which contains heavy metals, which negatively affect soils, groundwater, flora and humans, as the top of the food chain. The creation of equipment for the recovery of used solutions with the release of metal in a form suitable for remelting is becoming an important element in saving the environment. Scientific novelty. The research carried out made it possible to create promising equipment on their basis. The diagram of the etching line with the withdrawal of the used etching solution for regeneration to restore operating parameters is presented. The research-based etching line for printed circuit boards provides for the reuse of rinsing waters in the technological process to replenish the withdrawn pickling solution or after their recovery and use for rinsing the printed circuit boards. For the regeneration of a copper-alkaline solution based on CuCl2, a continuous-operation unit was proposed using a stainless steel or titanium cathode 3 mm thick and a graphite anode 30 mm thick. Practical significance. The use of a dense precipitation copper recovery process facilitates metal removal by simple mechanical operations and avoids the complex design for recovering copper in the form of metal powders. Separate dimensions of structural elements are given to ensure the operation of the regenerator of the used pickling solution. | ||||
| Keywords: regeneration, sludge, pickling solution, titanium, cathode, wash water |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-086-092 |
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Prospects for sonochemical treatment of wastewater containing synthetic surfactants |
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| R.K. Zakirov, F.Y. Akhmadullina, E.S. Balymova | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
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| Experimental studies have been carried out to study the effect of low-frequency ultrasound on the destruction of nonionic synthetic surfactants, which have different molecular weights. Model solutions of two nonionic surfactants: polyethylene oxide and oxanol were chosen as the objects of study. The studies were carried out in order to confirm the prospects of using low-frequency ultrasound in the process of local treatment of wastewater, containing nonionic synthetic surfactants. The level of disintegration of polyethylene oxide and oxanol was evaluated by two methods in a comparative aspect: viscometry and photocolorimetry. A similar nature of the dependences of the destruction efficiency of nonionic surfactants, obtained on the basis of photocolorimetric and viscometric measurements, was revealed. The possibility of using the viscometric method for express determination of the most effective mode of ultrasonic exposure has been confirmed. A more significant effect of the intensity of ultrasonic action on the degree of decomposition of nonionic surfactants was found in comparison with the duration of ultrasonic treatment. The possibility of manifestation of surface-active properties in the decay products of the studied pollutants is shown. Prospective modes of ultrasonic treatment of industrial effluents are proposed. As a result of the research, the most promising from the point of view of economics and purification efficiency was established mode of preliminary ultrasonic treatment of industrial effluents: intensity - 6 W / cm², duration - 1 min. This mode provides a sufficiently high efficiency of decomposition of nonionic surfactants. At significant initial concentrations of nonionic surfactants in wastewater (above 50 mg / dm³), it is recommended to increase the intensity of ultrasonic action. | ||||
| Keywords: synthetic surfactants, ultrasound, wastewater treatment, photometry, viscosimetry. |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-111-116 |
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Adsorption purification of phenol-containing wastewater from oil refineries |
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| L.A. Nikolaeva, N.E. Aikenova | ||||
| Section: Problems of environmental protection |
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| In this paper, the possibility of adsorptive purification of industrial wastewater from oil refineries from phenols by industrial wastes is considered. It is proposed to use carbonate sludge for water treatment of natural water as one of the most accessible materials, which is a large-tonnage waste of energy, for sewage treatment. A flowchart for the purification of wastewater from phenols is proposed, the calculation of the adsorption filter with the loading of carbonate sludge in the scheme for the purification of wastewater from phenols is performed. | ||||
| Keywords: adsorption, adsorbent, carbonate sludge, wastewater, phenols, wastewater after treatment |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-136-142 |
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Gas-air emissions from glass container production as a risk factor for public health |
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| T.А. Trifonova, A.А. Martsev, O.G. Selivanov | ||||
| Section: Problems of environmental protection |
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| Therefore, the purpose of this work was to assess the impact of environmental pollution on the health of the city, which operates a modern enterprise for the production of glass products. The paper uses the statistical data of the official services of the region in the Gorokhovetsky district of the Vladimir region, as well as the data of their own research. Determination of heavy metals in the soil was performed by x-ray fluorescence method on the spectrometer "SPECTROSCAN MAX-G". Determination of anion content in soils was carried out using water extracts of soil samples by capillary electrophoresis on the device "Drops-104". Statistically significant positive correlation coefficients between population morbidity and emission dynamics from stationary sources were obtained. Data on the content of heavy metals (HM) and anions in different parts of Gorokhovets were obtained. It is established that the main stationary source of environmental pollution is a glass plant, by-products of which are primarily nitrogen oxides. Statistically significant correlation between the dynamics of emissions of pollutants from stationary sources and a number of classes of diseases, as well as the excess of nitrates in the soil of the city, in comparison with the control, suggests a possible dependence of the development of pathological processes in the population from the receipt of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. The solution to the problem of reducing harmful emissions of glass container production can be innovative changes in the technology of glass cooking and furnace design, the use of new devices for burning organic fuel, the transition to cooking using electricity, which practically eliminates the entry of harmful volatile pollutants into the atmosphere. | ||||
| Keywords: glass production, heavy metals, nitric oxide, morbidity |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-155-161 |
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HELCOM “hot spots”: cattle-breeding complex “Pashskiy” as the object of accumulated environmental damage |
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| A.M. Dregulo, V.Z. Rodionov | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| he economic activity of livestock complexes located in the Leningrad region, in particular the Pashsky livestock complex, has a negative impact on the ecological state of the Gulf of Finland. The main reasons for this were laid in the 70s of the last century, when without sufficient scientific justification, livestock and poultry were transferred to the industrial basis. The present study includes a retrospective look at the process of degradation of the Pashsky livestock complex in the context of accumulated environmental damage. It is shown that the most probable source of anthropogenic impact is the leaching of manure masses from the territories of the complex, which is facilitated by the increasing intensity of precipitation. The most significant causes of these negative phenomena to date remain the lack of hydro meteorological information, both current, due to insufficient development of the observation network, and retrospective - due to irreparable flaws and losses in the past years, the failed policy of the industry, the lack of practice of "environmental debt" and management decisions on the treatment of objects of accumulated harm to the environment. | ||||
| Keywords: Gulf of Finland, HELCOM «hot spots», livestock complex, accumulated environmental damage |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-049-054 |
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New approach to utilization of oil-polluted soil |
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| E. Gilazhov, A. Saginayev, M. Urazgaliyeva, A. Aronova, S. Izgaliyev | ||||
| Section: Remediation and rehabilitation |
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| The material for the study of the authors selected soils polluted with oil, selected from the territory of the oil and gas industry «Prorvaneft» and the oil and gas industry «Zhyloyneft» of the Atyrau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and studied the possibility of their utilization by using as organic binders to strengthen the soil. The result of the research is the development of the new method for the disposal of waste oil and gas production - oil-contaminated soils by using them as an organic binder to strengthen the soil in the construction of unpaved roads. The use of compositions prepared from contaminated soil, selected from the «Karaton» sludge collector of the oil and gas industry «Zhyloyneft» for physical and mechanical properties complies with the requirements of the building regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan and even exceeds the requirements for soils reinforced with organic binders for the construction of upper layers of foundations and road pavements of III-V technical equipment category. The soil strengthened by the proposed astringent compound, even with a lower content of oil hydrocarbons in the composition, has high strength, and in addition, water resistance is 2 times improved. By the proposed method, it is possible to obtain astringent compositions for strengthening the soils of the lower layer of the base of dirt roads. They give high strength, frost resistance to the soil and improve the water resistance of the soil than the well-known binders. The application of this method can solve one of the most important environmental problems in the field of soil and atmosphere protection. | ||||
| Keywords: oil and gas production, contaminated soil, utilization, strengthening of soil, organic binders, road construction. |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-185-191 |
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Modification of a bioassay with enchitreides for ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated soil |
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| A.P. Baranov, M.I. Lunev, L.P. Voronina | ||||
| Section: Ecotoxicology |
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| Interpretation of bioassay results of both mono-contamination and complex multifactorial ones is carried out on the basis of comparison with the data of chemical analysis. Quite often, chemical analysis data correlate poorly with toxic bioassay indicators, which depend on both the bioavailability of pollutants, and the entire set of conditions of the contaminated area. In addition, in case of contamination with a pollutant of unknown properties or complex, multi-component contamination, it is difficult to select the necessary chemical analyses and obtain a complete picture of chemical contamination. However, the nature and source of the toxic effect may remain unexplained. Bioassay (test – Enchytraeus albidus) was carried out in the laboratory experiments with solutions and water extracts from the compost of sewage sludge. Lab experiments studied the possibility for the use of the antidote-1 (1-methylnicotinamide iodide) to determine the presence of metaphos and antidote-2 (dimercaprol sodium) to in turn determine the presence of Cd. Test- organisms (E. albidus) used for ecological studies to determine the toxicity in test-samples by bioassay undergo adaptation by preliminary treatment with specific antidotes. It was determined that use of adapted test-organisms to evaluate the toxicity of sample that has substance sensitive to the particular antidote leads to the decrease of toxicity. Thus the use of antidotes for bioassay may close the gap to our understanding of etiology and causes of toxicity of the sample under study. Further development of the study requires meticulous approach not only because of the change to bioassay but due to requirements for recultivation procedures for contaminated samples as well. | ||||
| Keywords: bioassay, Enchytraeidae, antidote, pollutant |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-169-175 |
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Geographical and ecological land zoning of onshore oil pipeline location by level of hazard to environment from emergency oil spills in Arctic region |
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| A.S. Lokhov, M.G. Gubaidullin, V.B. Korobov, A.G. Tutygin | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| The level of environmental impact from emergency oil spills in the Arctic region is wide variety even for small areas due to considerable heterogeneity of factors affecting the fate of spilled oil. Authors suggest a point rating classification model for assessment the hazard level of oil spills by means of the sum of products of the factor indicators and their weight coefficients. This paper investigates next factors: oil spreading assessment; number of water bodies that can be polluted; surface slope. Calculations performed for “Yuzhnoye Khylchuyu – Varandey” pipeline in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russian Federation. Oil spreading assessment is calculated with hydrodynamic model considering type of soil (in this case – various types of peat), soil permeability, soil humidity, oil viscosity, evaporation of oil and others. Number of water bodies is calculated by means of Earth satellite images, surface slope – by means of topographic map. The number of water bodies on this pipeline was 59, including 39 lakes and 20 rivers. Average surface slope for pipeline was low (1%), this is not so significant for hazard level assessment. Authors determined that level of potential risk to the environment is significantly different depending on factor influence. Paper suggests five-step verbal-numeric rating scale for assessment the hazard level and pipeline zoning was carried out on this basis. | ||||
| Keywords: oil pipeline, onshore oil spills, zoning, Arctic region |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-043-048 |
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Cultivation of Spirulina platensis (Nordst.) Geitler on waste water of poultry farms |
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| S.Yu. Gorbunova, I.N. Gudvilovich | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
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| The investigation of cyanobacteria Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis growth in the chicken manure extract (MCE) was carried out. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in 1 liter of nutrient medium prepared on the basis of chicken manure extract is calculated. In this case, the protein and photosynthetic pigments contents in the cells of the S. platensis is significantly reduced by the 6th days and leads to the culture death. Increasing the volume fraction of the MCE in the nutrient medium has a significant impact on the pigments contents and total protein in the cyanobacteria biomass. Optimum concentrations of extract (20–30%), which provide a high rate of spirulina growth and the accumulation of biologically active substances in the obtained biomass, were determined. It was shown that 20–30% of MCE concentration allows to increase culture yield by 10–20% compared to control sample and to obtain the S. рlatensis biomass containing significant amounts of biologically active substances. It was found that the content of protein, chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin in the S. рlatensis cells increased by 2.5–6 times at the linear stage of culture growth at the increase of the volume fraction of MCE in the nutrient medium by 5 to 30%. S. рlatensis biomass, produced from such cultivation process, meets the criteria of high-quality biomass contents of protein, chlorophyll a, carotenoids and C-phycocyanin (51, 1.1, 0.4 and 5.5% correspondingly). The approach proposed in the paper allows to reduce material costs for the traditional mineral media preparation for microalgae cultivation. | ||||
| Keywords: Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis, microalgae, chicken manure, biologically active substances |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2020 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-068-074 |
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36, Moskovskya street, Kirov, 610000, Editorial Board "Theoretical and Applied Ecology." Phone/fax: (8332) 37-02-77 e-mail: envjournal@vyatsu.ru The journal was founded in 2007 |
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