ISSN 1995-4301(Print)
ISSN 2618-8406
(Online)
Current issues:
Online version of the journal
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Select viewing optionsSpatio-temporal changes of macrophytobenthos in coastal landscapes at Cape Kosa Severnaya (Sevastopol) |
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| T.V. Pankeeva, N.V. Mironova | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| Using a landscape approach, the paper presents for the first time the results of a comparative analysis of spatiotemporal changes in the macrophytobenthos, performed at Cape Kosa Severnaya for the period from 1964 to 2020 with landscape maps compiled by the authors. In addition, it describes the distribution of the bottom natural complexes (BNC) with key Black Sea phytocoenoses (Ericaria crinita, Gongolaria barbata и Phyllophora crispa). It was found that during this period a dramatic increase in the biomass of the phytocoenosiswas recorded in the BNC block-boulder bench with dominance of E. crinita, while the proportion of its edificator remained high. The maximum contribution of epiphytic sinusia to biomass of algocoenosis over the entire study period was recorded in 2006. For the BNC upper shoreface slope consisting of coarse-grained deposits with dominance of E. crinita и G. barbata, an increase in phytocoenosis biomass was recorded only at the upper boundary during the study period. For the BNC of gently dipping accumulation plain consisting gravel-psammitic sediments with inclusion of shell fragments and dominance ofPhyllophora crispa, a catastrophic decline in the productivity of the phytocenosis and its edificator is typical. The total biomass of macrophytes decreased by more than an order of magnitude during the study period. It was found that over a span of 50 years, the plant components of bottom natural complexes at Cape Kosa Severnaya underwent significant restructuring and degradation due to natural factors and anthropogenic activity in the coastal zone. The high degree of preservation of indigenous phytocenoses, the presence of red book species (P. crispa and Stilophora tenella) allow us to recommend the site at the Cape Kosa Severnaya as a promising reserve. | ||||
| Keywords: coastal zone, bottom natural complex, macrophytobenthos, nature monument, Black Sea |
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| Article published in number 2 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-2-066-072 |
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Zoobentos of the Severnaya Dvina River |
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| M.A. Studenova, I.I. Studenov, D.V. Chupov | ||||
| Section: Population ecology |
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| The Northern Branch of All-Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (FSBNU VNIRO) began comprehensive research on zoobenthos in the mainstream of the Severnaya Dvina River in 1995. Systematic studies of zoobenthos at the Severnaya Dvina River for the first time made it possible to obtain the most complete information about the taxonomic composition of the invertebrates, the number and frequency of taxons across different sections of the mainstream, the number and biomass of each taxon. As part of the zoobenthos for the entire study period (1995–2019), 20 taxons belonging to 6 types and 8 invertebrates classes were discovered. The average number of invertebrates taxons found in samples for the entire study period was 9 in the upper and middle parts of the mainstream of the Severnaya Dvina River, 8 in the lower parts, varying in significant ranges from 2 to 15 in different years. Every year at all stations in the samples there were oligochaetes and larvae of chironomids (or lake flies), which dominated in frequency. The lowest frequency of occurrence (5.3% each) was found in the upper part of the mainstream of the Severnaya Dvina river for the larvaes of stoneflies and springtail, in the middle parts – 5.6% for gastropods, leeches, water bugs, beetle larvaes and turbellarians. In the lower part of the mainstream of the Severnaya Dvina water spiders, water bugs and beetle larvae were rarely found in samples (5.3% each). The number of invertebrates in the mainstream of the Severnaya Dvina River varied within very wide limits, averaging 3052 units/m2 for the entire observation period. The average biomass of invertebrates in the mainstream of the Severnaya Dvina rive amounted to 2.35 g/m2. The biomass base was also formed by oligochaetes and larvaes of chironomids. Obviously, interannual changes in the number and biomass of zoobenthos and changes in these parameters along the length of the river are more associated with the hydrological features of each year of observations in the Severnaya Dvina River and its largest tributaries than with the influence of human activity. Clarification of the relationship of hydrological parameters, and above all – the water content of the river year to year requires additional research. | ||||
| Keywords: the Severnaya Dvina River, zoobenthos, abundance, biomass |
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| Article published in number 2 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-2-147-154 |
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Spatio-temporal analysis of soil moisture in the experimental agricultural fields |
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| D.S. Fomin, A.N. Chashchin | ||||
| Section: Agroecology |
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| Studies of the spatial-temporal variability of the field soil moisture content of three experimental fields located in the Perm district of the Perm region were carried out. The experimental conditions were pure fallow. The purpose of the work is to perform a spatio-temporal analysis of soil moisture in experimental fields using mathematical-cartographic and remote sensing methods. Field soil moisture was measured by points placed taking into account the heterogeneity of the soil cover and topography conditions. Based on the measurements performed, maps of field soil moisture were created using the “Ordinary Kriging” geostatistical method, using the Geostatistical Analyst module of the ArcGIS 10.1 program. The assessment of the influence of the relief on the moisture was performed using the SRTM global digital elevation model. Indicators calculated were topographic humidity index and closed depressions. Based on the obtained geostatistical layers, the relationship between humidity and Sentinel 2 satellite data was established through the spectral index NDVI. For the initial and final dates of measurements, correlation coefficients 0.8 and 0.9 were obtained. The nature of dependence turned out to be changeable over | ||||
| Keywords: soil moisture, Ordinary Kriging, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, precision farming |
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| Article published in number 2 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-2-113-119 |
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Phytoextraction of lead and cadmium from soils of landfills by some agricultural crops |
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| L.V. Mosina, Yu.A. Kholopov, Yu.A. Zhandarova | ||||
| Section: Remediation and rehabilitation |
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| The results of the study of the accumulation of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) by various agricultural crops grown on soils selected from a depth of 0–10 cm of the landfill of municipal solid waste (MSW) “Salarievoˮ in comparison with the control sod-podzolic soil, as well as their stability within 30 days from the moment of emergence are presented. The studied phytoextractor plants were meadow bluegrass (Poa pratensis), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), white mustard (Sinapis alba), annual sunflower (Helianthus annus), seed peas (Pisum sativum), common corn (Zea mays). It was found that when grown on the soil of the landfill, agricultural crops accumulate about twice as much heavy metals as compared to the control soil. A series to increase the extracting ability of plants for Pb has the form: seed peas – cocksfoot – sunflower annual – meadow bluegrass – white mustard – common corn. Row for Cd: seed peas – white mustard – meadow bluegrass – common corn – annual sunflower – cocksfoot. With regard to the extracting ability of the studied heavy metals, the minimum accumulating ability of the pea culture is common. The rest of the cultures exhibit different extractive ability, which does not fit into the general series. In relation to cadmium, the most optimal phytoextractor is the hedgehog team, which is also characterized by a high degree of stability. The crops of annual sunflower and common corn are also characterized by a high cleaning ability. Common corn is also recommended for phytoextraction of lead. | ||||
| Keywords: bioaccumulation, municipal solid waste landfills, heavy metals, sustainability, phytoremediation, ecological state of the environment |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-1-154-161 |
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Modeling of the vertical structure of shade trees in cacao agroforestry systems |
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| B. Sánchez-Díaz, L. Ríos-Rodas, A. Sol-Sanchez, A. del Rosario Fraire-Vazquez, J. del Carmen Geronimo-Torres, R. Solís-Silvan | ||||
| Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts |
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| Cacao agrosystems can provide available habitats for wildlife species, due to the structure and diversity of established shade trees in plantations. The objective of this research is to calculate the index of importance and forest value of shade trees used in cacao agrosystems. Field sampling was carried out to collect data on breast height diameter, canopy diameter and canopy height, these variables were used to estimate the importance value index and the forest value index. The trees with the best indexes of importance and forest value are Erythrina americana (IVI = 62.34 and FVI = 50.94), Bursera simaruba (IVI = 62.53 and FVI = 66.99) and Samanea saman (IVI = 56, 85 and FVI = 42.93). The vertical structure of cacao agrosystems is important since it could be used as an input variable to evaluate and predict, through an ecological niche model, the quality of the available habitat for the conservation of wildlife such as birds, reptiles and arboreal mammals. | ||||
| Keywords: biodiversity conservation, canopy height, Forest value index |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-1-028-037 |
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Atmospheric air monitoring in the area of enterprises for the disposal of hazardous industrial waste |
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| T.Ya. Ashikhmina, G.Ya. Kantor, A.S. Timonov, Е.А. Domnina, E.V. Dabakh, N.V. Syrchina, L.V. Kondakova, T.I. Kutyavina, S.G. Skugoreva, S.Yu. Ogorodnikova, V.V. Rutman, D.A. Kuznetzov | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| Based on the materials of engineering and environmental surveys for the design of an industrial and technical complex (ITC) for the processing, disposal and neutralization of waste of I and II hazard classes ‘‘Mirny’’, an analysis of the calculated emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air was made, the list of which includes 49 substances of various chemical nature and degree of danger. The pollutants were ranked according to the magnitude of the hazard criterion of these substances, taking into account their toxicity and volumes of emissions into the atmosphere. According to the data received, it is recommended to include 22 priority indicators in the program of environmental monitoring of atmospheric air. In addition to general industrial pollutants (oxides of sulfur, nitrogen, carbon, suspended solids), they include specific pollutants characteristic of enterprises for the disposal and disposal of hazardous industrial waste – these are dioxins, benzo[a]pyrene, oxides of cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, aluminum, zinc, iron(III), mercury, as well as ammonia, gaseous fluorine compounds, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide. It is proposed to include snow cover monitoring and indicators of biota response to technogenic atmospheric impact into the atmospheric air monitoring program. A map-scheme of the network has been developed and a regulation for conducting environmental monitoring of atmospheric air has been proposed. | ||||
| Keywords: atmospheric air monitoring, utilization and neutralization of industrial waste, priority pollutants |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-1-038-046 |
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Bioprotection of wood from microbial damage (review) |
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| S.G. Skugoreva, L.I. Domracheva, L.V. Trefilova, P.A. Starikov, T.Ya. Ashikhmina | ||||
| Section: Theoretical problems of ecology |
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| A review and analysis of literature data on the use of biological methods in the protection of wood from the action of wood-destructing microorganisms has been carried out. Antagonist microbes such as cyanobacteria, bacilli and micromycetes of g. Trichoderma play an important role in protecting wood from destruction. Their antagonistic activity against biodegrading microbes is associated with the synthesis of volatile and nonvolatile antibiotics, lipoproteins and hydrolase enzymes that destroy certain components of cells of wood-destructing microbes or disrupt their metabolic processes. Many natural compounds of vegetable (essential oils, tannins, extractive substances of wood) and animal origin (propolis, chitosan) have great potential in the bioprotection of wood from biodamage, due to their unique natural composition, which leads to disruption of the vital activity of destructor microbes. The advantages of natural compounds over synthetic antiseptics are their renewability, cost-effectiveness of obtaining from waste, non-toxicity and environmental friendliness. Disadvantages that limit the use of natural antiseptics are high heterogeneity depending on the source from which they are obtained, easy leaching, uneven activity against certain fungal species, high susceptibility to biodegradation. Some of these shortcomings can be overcome by combining organic biocides with other wood preservatives. A brief review of the literature data shows that, along with chemical methods of protecting wood from biodamage, it is advisable to use biological methods, which, although inferior in efficiency to the first, do not have a harmful effect on the environment. The combined use of synthetic and natural antiseptics can be especially effective. | ||||
| Keywords: wood, biodamage, biosecurity, antiseptics of microbial, plant and animal origin |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-1-006-015 |
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Compost from chicken manure as a source of antibiotic resistance of soil actinomycetes |
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| I.G. Shirokikh, N.A. Bokov, N.E. Zavyalova, T.Ya. Ashikhmina | ||||
| Section: Agroecology |
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| The development of poultry farming is accompanied by a significant increase in the volume of chicken manure produced and its concentration in storage areas, which leads to environmental pollution. The traditional form of manure disposal is its use as an organic fertilizer. The high content of organic matter and mineral nutrition elements in compost prepared on the basis of chicken manure improves the soil structure and promotes soil fertility. However, due to the widespread use of antibiotics in poultry farming, fertilizers based on bird droppings can affect the antibiotic resistance of the soil and, as a result, contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance among clinically significant microorganisms. In this regard, it is relevant to assess the effect of fresh and fermented chicken manure on the antibiotic resistance of the soil used in agricultural production. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of the spectra of resistance to a certain set of antibiotics and the frequency of occurrence of antibiotic–resistant strains among typical soil bacteria – actinomycetes. Actinomycete cultures were isolated from compost based on chicken manure and sod-podzolic soil: after fertilization with compost, during its storage (under the burt) and background, not in contact with bird droppings or compost. Groups of antibiotics have been identified, the resistance to which has increased statistically significantly as a result of using compost based on chicken manure – tetracyclines, rifampicins and quinolones. | ||||
| Keywords: chicken manure, compost, sod-podzolic soil, antibacterial drugs, Streptomyces, antibiotic resistome |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-1-101-109 |
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Extraction of copper and zinc ions from wastewater by a sorbent based on chitosan |
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| E.A. Tatarintseva, O.A. Arefieva, L.N. Olshanskaya, A.A. Petrov, F. Bugerara | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
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| The aim of this work was to obtain sorption magnetic materials based on ferritized galvanic sludge, thermally expanded graphene oxide, and chitosan for the removal of heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+) from aqueous media. Thermally expanded graphene oxide was obtained by electrochemical oxidation of graphite followed by hydrolysis and heat treatment at 900 оС. Ferritized iron-containing galvanic sludge was obtained by deposition by successive acid-base treatment from an aqueous suspension of galvanic sludge followed by heat treatment at 900 оС for 1.5 h. Methods for forming a magnetic composite sorbent by introducing ferritized galvanic sludge simultaneously with thermally expanded graphene oxide are considered. The resulting sorbent has the form of grains with a particle size of 2–3 mm, which have magnetic properties (≈ 0.02 T). The composition of the resulting sorption material is characterized using the IR spectroscopy method. Functional groups (primary amino and hydroxyl groups), that are capable of coordinating with various metal ions or participating in ion exchange have been determined. Studies of sorption with respect to zinc and copper(II) ions were carried out under static conditions during their extraction from model wastewater solutions. The maximum sorption capacity of the sorbent for Cu2+ ions was 6.9±0.1 mmol/g, for Zn2+ ions – 2.6±0.01 mmol/g. Sorption isotherms of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions by the developed sorption material belong to type I according to the IUPAC classification, which is compiled on the basis of the classical classification of adsorption–desorption isotherms of Brunauer, Deming, Deming and Teller (BDDT classification), this type is typical for adsorption with the formation of a monolayer on a porous solid body. | ||||
| Keywords: sorbents, water treatment, heavy metal ions, graphene oxide, magnetosorbents, industrial waste |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-1-148-153 |
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Influence of industrial emissions from heat power engineering enterprises on the absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere |
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| V.A. Kuzmin, I.A. Zagrai, N.A. Shmakova | ||||
| Section: Ecology and climate change |
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| The paper evaluates the effect of emissions from heat power engineering enterprises on the absorption of radiation in the atmosphere through the calculation of absorption coefficients and absorption functions of combustion products during flaring of solid fuels (coal and peat) in the furnace of BKZ-210-140F steam boiler. The chemical composition of the gas phase and condensed phase particles were used to calculate the absorption coefficients at a temperature of 300 K and the spectral range of 0.4–14 μm, as well as the absorption functions at layer thicknesses of 5 and 10 m. The presence of ash particles makes a significant contribution to the absorption of solar radiation by combustion products in the transparency windows of the gas phase.In the absence of a flue gas purification system for the optical range (0.4–0.78 μm), absorption can be up to 20% during flaring of coal and up to 46% during flaring of peat. For the atmospheric transparency window of 7.5–14 μm, the absorption function of combustion products takes values from 73 to 100% during flaring of coal and from 64 to 100% during flaring of peat. The largest optical thickness in terms of the absorption coefficients of gas phase is accounted for the components H2O and CO2, which make the main contribution to the creation of the greenhouse effect. | ||||
| Keywords: atmosphere, greenhouse effect, flaring of coal and peat, combustion products, gas phase, ash particles, absorption coefficient, absorption function |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-1-170-178 |
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36, Moskovskya street, Kirov, 610000, Editorial Board "Theoretical and Applied Ecology." Phone/fax: (8332) 37-02-77 e-mail: envjournal@vyatsu.ru The journal was founded in 2007 |
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