ISSN 1995-4301(Print)
ISSN 2618-8406
(Online)
Current issues:
Online version of the journal
|
Select viewing optionsComprehensive assessment of water chemical composition, taking into account the peculiarities of natural water sources of urban ecosystems |
||||
| Yu.A. Tunakova, V.S. Valiev, R.I. Fayzulin, A.R. Galimova, E.V. Baibakova | ||||
| Section: Chemistry of natural environments and objects |
||||
| Natural waters are solutions of complex composition with a wide list and ranges of dissolved substances content. Limitations of the current water treatment system at water intakes determine the influence of the chemical composition of natural waters on the formed composition of prepared drinking water. The amount of dissolved substances in drinking water will depend, on the one hand, on natural and anthropogenic conditions of formation of chemical composition of used natural waters, and, on the other hand, on methods and efficiency of their treatment during preparation of drinking water. Outdated and insufficiently effective systems of natural water treatment at water intakes form a close relationship between chemical compositions of natural waters and drinking water prepared from them. However, the quality assessment of prepared drinking water of centralized drinking water supply systems is carried out from sanitary-hygienic positions, without taking into account anthropogenic load on natural waters and natural-anthropogenic features of their chemical composition. Moreover, drinking water prepared from natural waters is an aquatic element of the urban ecosystem, which requires the use of ecological approaches to assess their quality. Objectivity of quality assessment of any objects directly depends on the list of accounted pollutants. Thus, according to RD 52.24.643-2002, for a comprehensive assessment of the chemical composition of surface waters, 15 mandatory indicators should be taken into account when calculating the specific combinatorial index of water pollution (SCIWPI). To assess the quality of drinking water, the methodology of SCIWPI calculation was applied, but using the list of indicators and their thresholds determined in the program of sociohygienic monitoring of drinking water. A new indicator for assessing the chemical composition of drinking water, called hydrochemical status, is proposed to generalize ecological and sanitary-hygienic approaches in assessing the quality of drinking water as an aquatic element of the urban ecosystem. The calculation of the proposed indicator for assessing the chemical composition of drinking water in the territory of Kazan is tested. The verification of the indicator with the SCIWPI values and the level of ecological risk with gradations of risk acceptability and water quality classes is carried out, which allows to assess all these indicators together. | ||||
| Keywords: surface water, drinking water, chemical composition, specific combinatorial index of water pollution, calculation methodology, complex indicator, drinking water quality assessment |
||||
| Link | ||||
| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-109-117 |
||||
|
||||
Communities of free-living ciliates in freshwater bodies dominated by different species of cyanobacteria |
||||
| S.V. Bykova, M.V. Umanskaya, M.Yu. Gorbunov | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
||||
| Cyanobacteria and their toxins can cause changes in the aquatic food web, affecting almost all components of plankton, including free-living ciliates. The aim of the work is to identify the ciliates diversity in different types of waterbodies in the Samara region (rivers, reservoirs, bays, and lakes with/without outflows) and to establish the dependence between the quantitative and structural characteristics of ciliate communities and the dominant species of cyanobacteria. The composition of cyanobacterial communities was determined using metabarcoding of the V4-V5 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. According to the composition of phototrophic plankton, all samples were divided into four groups: 1) with a low intensity of “cyanobacterial bloom” or without it, but with a great diversity of cyanobacteria; 2) with the dominance of Planktothrix agardhii Gomont; 3) with the dominance of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs; 4) mixed group with different types of cyanobacterial bloom, including one lake with the dominance of Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska). 123 species of ciliates were identified in the studied water bodies of Samara region in 2023. The maximum quantitative characteristics of the plankton ciliates communities are observed in floodplain and terrace lakes and coincide with the predominance of P. agardhii and R. rachiborskii. The trophic structure is more diverse in communities dominated by P. agardhii and A. flos-aquae. Conversely, a whole trophic group (histophages) drops out from the trophic structure in samples dominated by eukaryotic algae or R. rachiborskii. In samples with A. flos-aquae bloom, algovores predominate in the ciliates community. Interestingly, predators are more prominent among the ciliates when R. rachiborskii bloom was observed. Generally, during the cyanobacterial blooms, bacterio-detritovores play the leading role among the ciliates. | ||||
| Keywords: ciliates, biodiversity, freshwater bodies, cyanobacterial blooming, metabarcoding 16S, the structure of the ciliates community |
||||
   |
||||
| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-100-108 |
||||
|
||||
Comparative analysis of toxicological and biochemical characteristics of round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) from different areas of the Sea of Azov |
||||
| T.B. Sigacheva, E.N. Skuratovskaya | ||||
| Section: Ecotoxicology |
||||
| Chemical elements are the major pollutants for many reservoirs. They are characterized by high accumulative ability and even in trace amounts affect physiological and biochemical status of fish. In this study we investigated toxicological (Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Fe, Zn and Cu concentrations) and biochemical (level of oxidized proteins and lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), cholinesterase (ChE), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and albumin content) characteristics in the liver of round goby Neogobius melanostomus inhabiting two areas of the Sea of Azov (Belosaraiskaya Spit (BS)) and the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay (ETB)) with different levels of pollution and sediment granulometric parameters. Hg, Pb and Fe concentrations were detected significantly higher in the liver of fish from ETB compared to BS (p<0.05–0.01). SOD activity was considerably lower, while CAT activity was recorded higher in fish from ETB compared to BS (p<0.01). Levels of oxidized proteins and lipid peroxidation as well as albumin content, ALT and ChE activities in individuals from ETB considerably exceeded the corresponding values in BS (p<0.05–0.01). Possible mechanisms of Neogobius melanostomus biochemical response to chemical element content in the liver are discussed. The results obtained can be applicable for assessing the quality of water bodies contaminated by the abovementioned chemical elements. | ||||
| Keywords: Neogobius melanostomus, toxicological and biochemical characteristics, pollution, the Sea of Azov |
||||
| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-175-182 |
||||
|
||||
Endemic species of the genus Thymus: ecological, coenotic and phytochemical study |
||||
| E.S. Bogdanova, O.A. Rozentsvet, V.N. Nesterov, V.A. Rozentsvet | ||||
| Section: Chemistry of natural environments and objects |
||||
| The article examines the ecological-coenotic and phytochemical features of endemic plant species Thymus cretaceus, T. dubjanskyi and T. talijevii, growing in different botanical and geographical conditions. Plant material (fresh leaves) was collected in the Orenburg, Ulyanovsk and Volgograd regions. The water content in plant leaves was determined by the calibration method after they were dried. Photosynthetic pigments were analyzed in acetone extract by spectrophotometer. Lipids from plant tissues were extracted with organic solvents after their complete destruction. Separation of lipids was carried out by thin layer chromatography using various solvent systems. Fatty acids were analyzed as their methyl esters. It is shown that the range of distribution of the studied species changed from northern to southern latitudes: T. talijevii > T. dubjanskyi > T. cretaceus. The plants grew on calcium-containing substrates and differed in their ecological and coenotic environment. Leaves of plants from northern latitudes contained more moisture than more southerly ones. The content of lipids and fatty acids changed sideways, a decrease in glycolipids and an increase in phospholipids and unsaturated fatty acids as the plants moved from north to south. Differences in the content and ratio of photosynthetic pigments are more related to the species of the plant than to the place of growth. The endemism of the studied plants is ensured by the geographical location, climatic and edaphic conditions, and the peculiarity of the phytocenosis. Habitat conditions affected physiological and biochemical processes. | ||||
| Keywords: Thymus cretaceus, Thymus dubjanskyi, Thymus talijevii, lipids, fatty acids, photosynthetic pigments |
||||
| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-118-125 |
||||
|
||||
The metabolic profile of cyanobacterial communities of the arid zone |
||||
| Yu.V. Bataeva, A.D. Bataeva | ||||
| Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts |
||||
| Cyanobacteria in the environment develop in communities with other microorganisms and synthesize a number of compounds to increase adaptive capability, adaptability, and ensure stability in unfavorable conditions. Cyanobacterial secondary metabolites include various compounds with cytotoxic, antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, herbicidal, antioxidant, and other properties. The composition of metabolites of cyanobacterial communities isolated from soil ecosystems of the Astrakhan region was studied in this work. To search for biotechnologically promising microorganisms cyanobacterial communities were isolated from soil ecosystems and plant rhizosphere using the culture enrichment method. The dominant edifiers of the identified soil cyanobacterial communities include filamentous and heterocystic forms of cyanobacteria: Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Anabaena, Nostoc. The content of ascorbic acid, glucose, nitrogen, and phosphorus was determined in the biomass of the studied cyanobacterial communities. The biologically active compound quercetin was detected by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Formic, propionic, fumaric, isocitric, lactic, acetic, and pyruvic acids were identified in aqueous-alcoholic extracts (50:50, 80:20, 20:80) of communities by high-performance liquid chromatography method. Formic acid was detected in all samples. The composition of low molecular weight organic compounds of a hexane extract of a soil community contain alkaloids (Reserpine, Buprenorphine, Yohimbine), flavonoids (Peonidin-3,5-diglucoside), and peptides (Cyclo(Gln-Trp-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met). Reserpine – 0.23% and yohimbine – 0.19% were found in the largest quantities. These compounds have bacteriostatic, fungicidal, antiviral, herbicidal, toxic effect. Producers such as cyanobacteria are attractive for biotechnology due to the presence of beneficial properties and the production of valuable metabolites. | ||||
| Keywords: cyanobacteria, cyanobacterial communities, metabolites, extract, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, alkaloids, high performance thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography |
||||
 |
||||
| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-030-038 |
||||
|
||||
Study of water purification from copper ions by modified hulls of cereals |
||||
| S.V. Stepanova, A.A. Alekseeva | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
||||
The paper investigates the possibility of using agricultural wastes such as hulls of barley, wheat and oat grains to remove copper ions (Cu2+) from wastewater. The effect of sorption material modification with 1% sulfuric acid solution (H2SO4) on water treatment efficiency was studied. Hulls of cereals, which are wastes of grain processing enterprises, were used as sorbents (SM) of copper ions from model waters with Cu2+ concentration from 0.3 to 62.9 mmol/L (20–4000 mg/L). It is shown that modification with 1% H2SO4 solution allows increasing the sorption capacity of the investigated materials by 2–15% depending on the initial Cu2+ concentration. The maximum sorption capacity of the modified samples is 1.266 mmol/g for barley hulls, 1.186 mmol/g – for wheat hulls, and 1.266 mmol/g – for oats hulls. The calculation of adsorption parameters showed that the process of copper ions sorption for all studied samples corresponds to the Langmuir model in the area of Cu2+ concentrations from 0.3 to 15.7 mmol/L and to the Freundlich model at concentrations from 15.7 to 62.9 mmol/L. Measurements of the degree of crystallinity revealed an increase in the amorphous nature of the material after modification, which was confirmed by diffractometric analysis. Microscopic studies showed that H2SO4 treatment alters the surface structure of the sorbent, increasing the specific surface area and releasing active sorption centers. These changes provide a more efficient retention of Cu2+ due to intermolecular interactions with the active sorbent centers. Thus, modified grain hulls of barley, wheat and oat are promising, environmentally friendly and economical sorbent for the removal of copper ions from wastewater. Modification with 1% H2SO4 solution provides improvement of sorption characteristics of the material, which makes it applicable for additional treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater containing copper ions. |
||||
| Keywords: hulls of cereals, chemical modification, sorbents, water purification, copper ions |
||||
    |
||||
| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-132-141 |
||||
|
||||
Carbon footprint of Cannabis sativa L. cultivation under elevated ambient temperature conditions |
||||
| N.V. Danilova, D.M. Glazunova, V.R. Babichuk, P.A. Kuryntseva, S.Yu. Selivanovskaya | ||||
| Section: Agroecology |
||||
| Preventing of global climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon using biotechnology is one of the most important environmental challenges of our time. The creation of plantations with carbon-superabsorbing plants, such as Cannabis sativa L., is considered as one of the possible solution to this problem. Such plants stimulate soil microbial biomass and contribute to microbial carbon emission but sequester so much carbon in their own biomass that the balance of these processes becomes negative. The question of the carbon footprint of these biotechnologies under conditions of elevated ambient temperatures remains unknown so far. In this study, the C. sativa cultivation at a temperature of 15 оС, typical for the growing season in Central Russia, as well as at elevated temperatures of 20 and 30 оС, is realized in a greenhouse. It was found that carbon dioxide emission from the control soil (without plants) at the three specified temperatures is 1.88, 2.71 and 2.59 g CO2·m-2, respectively, while C. sativa cultivation increases the emissions by 113, 110 and 124% compared to control, respectively. Organic carbon content does not change during the growing season, while microbial and plant biomass increases with temperature. When calculating the carbon balance, it was found that ΔСО2 is –9067.64, –8587.08 and –11496.8 kg·ha-1 at 15, 20 and 30 оС, respectively. This allows recommending the C. sativa cultivation for atmospheric carbon sequestration both now and in the future when the average annual temperatures increase. | ||||
| Keywords: carbon cycle, soil respiration activity, soil carbon sequestration, soil carbon pool, carbon footprint, superabsorbing plants |
||||
| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-167-174 |
||||
|
||||
Ichthyofauna of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River at the Lomonosov diamond deposit |
||||
| I.I. Studenov, G.M. Ustyuzhinsky | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
||||
| Fish population comprehensive analysis of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River and its tributaries (the Svetlaya River and the Svetly Creek) in the impact zone of the Lomonosov diamond deposit started in 2000. Watercourses were studied before the construction of the channel around the pit, during and after its construction. Since the ichthyofauna monitoring points became permanent only in 2011, after the completion of the canal construction, the population indicators for the 2011–2021 period are analyzed. Eleven fish species were found in the ichthyofauna during the studied period. Salmonoidei (salmonoid fishes) – grayling and brown trout – were the basis of the catch (in terms of the number of caught individuals), which accounted for slightly less than half of all caught fish. The proportion of Salmonoidei in control catches over the entire observation period ranged from 51.6% to 77.3% of the total number, averaging 61.0±2.6%. The proportion of other fish species ranged from 22.7% to 48.4%, on average – 39.0±2.6%. Based on measurements of fish length and body weight, it was determined that in the studied area Salmonoidei are either juveniles or first spawning individuals. In the long-term aspect, the linear trend of catches per effort for brown trout and grayling has a stable upward trend, which allows us to expect an increase in the share of Salmonoidei in catches in the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa river system in the impact area of the Lomonosov diamond deposit. | ||||
| Keywords: Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River, fish population, biological parameters, relative abundance |
||||
| Link | ||||
    |
||||
| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-092-099 |
||||
|
||||
Assessment of the ecological status of taiga lakes in the oil-producing region of Western Siberia based on the zoobenthos analysis |
||||
| V.V. Perminova, Y.A. Frank, D.S. Vorobiev | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
||||
| Hydroecological studies of the state of benthos communities in the oil-polluted lakes situated in the Samotlor oil field were carried out. One hundred and one lakes were examined, among which water bodies with organogenic bottom sediments and low pH values prevail. Oil products’ content in the bottom sediments of the examined lakes exceed background values. The minimum value of the total oil product content in the bottom sediments was 1.5 g/kg, the maximum values were above 300 g/kg. Twelve ecological groups of macrozoobenthos were found in bottom sediment samples. Chironomidae larvae (38.0%) and Oligochaeta (9.6%) were the most abundant. Chironomidae larvae were the dominant group in terms of abundance (86%) and biomass (56%). The average macrozoobenthos values were 328 ind./m2 and 1.62 g/m2. According to the state of macrozoobenthos communities, most of the examined lakes have low sediment productivity (oligotrophic) and high pollution level (polysaprobic, class VI). According to the examination results, most of the lakes (85%) need cleaning of their bottom sediments from oil and petroleum products. We made a conclusion about the long-term, chronic nature of oil pollution of the studied lakes. Poorly soluble oil agglomerates on the bottom of water bodies lose their toxicity and are covered with bottom sediments where bottom invertebrates live, avoiding direct contact with oil pollution. The obtained data on the state of the benthic invertebrate communities are important for future research and monitoring of the ecological status of taiga lakes. | ||||
| Keywords: benthos, bottom communities, lake, bottom sediments, oil, oil products, monitoring |
||||
| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-086-091 |
||||
|
||||
Assessment of the redox potential and DNA oxidative damage (8-OHdG) in subchronic thiram intoxication |
||||
| V.A. Korolev, A.V. Sedykh, E.V. Felker, I.V. Korolev, V.A. Ryadnova, E.V. Korolev | ||||
| Section: Ecotoxicology |
||||
| In this study the effect of oxidative stress caused by subchronic intoxication with the fungicide thiram on the antioxidant defense system of the body was examined and the methods for correcting the antioxidant status were developed. As a result of the introduction of thiram, there was a significant increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (~ 3.26 times in relation to the control), together with a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) (~ 2.63 times) and total antioxidant activity (AAA) (~ 1.64 times) in blood plasma. The level of 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was also significantly higher (p <0.05) in the intoxication groups compared with the control values. The use of vitamin E and milk thistle restored the redox potential of cells. Based on this study it can be assumed that 8-OHdG is a biomarker for assessing the risks associated with excessive production of free radicals.Thiram is a contact fungicide, considered a seed dressing for many agricultural crops. This preparation has high cumulative, toxic properties and can be preserved in agricultural processing products for up to one and a half years. In the present study, we studied the effect of oxidative stress caused by subchronic tiram intoxication on the antioxidant defense system of the rat organism and developed methods for correcting the antioxidant status. Pesticide ingestion resulted in a significant increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (~3.26 times compared to control), a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) (~2.63 times) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) (~ 1.64 times) in blood plasma. The level of 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the intoxicated groups compared to the control values. After experimental subchronic intoxication, antioxidants were used – vitamin E at a dose of 8.58 mg/kg and milk thistle extract at a dose of 13.74 mg/kg. Their application within 30 days significantly restored the redox potential of the body cells of laboratory animals. The highest antioxidant properties in our study were noted with vitamin E, which allows us to recommend it as a means of correcting the effects caused by the action of oxidative stress in the body. Based on this study, it can be assumed that 8-OHdG is a biomarker for assessing the risks associated with excessive formation of free radicals during oxidative stress. The results of this study can be used in the development of antioxidant therapy to alleviate the effects associated with oxidative stress. | ||||
| Keywords: thiram, reduced glutathione, 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine, total antioxidant activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) |
||||
| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-183-189 |
||||
|
Pages: previous 1 2 3
|
36, Moskovskya street, Kirov, 610000, Editorial Board "Theoretical and Applied Ecology." Phone/fax: (8332) 37-02-77 e-mail: envjournal@vyatsu.ru The journal was founded in 2007 |
||||||
