ISSN 1995-4301(Print)
ISSN 2618-8406
(Online)
Current issues:
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Select viewing optionsEndemic species of the genus Thymus: ecological, coenotic and phytochemical study |
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| E.S. Bogdanova, O.A. Rozentsvet, V.N. Nesterov, V.A. Rozentsvet | ||||
| Section: Chemistry of natural environments and objects |
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| The article examines the ecological-coenotic and phytochemical features of endemic plant species Thymus cretaceus, T. dubjanskyi and T. talijevii, growing in different botanical and geographical conditions. Plant material (fresh leaves) was collected in the Orenburg, Ulyanovsk and Volgograd regions. The water content in plant leaves was determined by the calibration method after they were dried. Photosynthetic pigments were analyzed in acetone extract by spectrophotometer. Lipids from plant tissues were extracted with organic solvents after their complete destruction. Separation of lipids was carried out by thin layer chromatography using various solvent systems. Fatty acids were analyzed as their methyl esters. It is shown that the range of distribution of the studied species changed from northern to southern latitudes: T. talijevii > T. dubjanskyi > T. cretaceus. The plants grew on calcium-containing substrates and differed in their ecological and coenotic environment. Leaves of plants from northern latitudes contained more moisture than more southerly ones. The content of lipids and fatty acids changed sideways, a decrease in glycolipids and an increase in phospholipids and unsaturated fatty acids as the plants moved from north to south. Differences in the content and ratio of photosynthetic pigments are more related to the species of the plant than to the place of growth. The endemism of the studied plants is ensured by the geographical location, climatic and edaphic conditions, and the peculiarity of the phytocenosis. Habitat conditions affected physiological and biochemical processes. | ||||
| Keywords: Thymus cretaceus, Thymus dubjanskyi, Thymus talijevii, lipids, fatty acids, photosynthetic pigments |
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| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-118-125 |
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The metabolic profile of cyanobacterial communities of the arid zone |
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| Yu.V. Bataeva, A.D. Bataeva | ||||
| Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts |
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| Cyanobacteria in the environment develop in communities with other microorganisms and synthesize a number of compounds to increase adaptive capability, adaptability, and ensure stability in unfavorable conditions. Cyanobacterial secondary metabolites include various compounds with cytotoxic, antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, herbicidal, antioxidant, and other properties. The composition of metabolites of cyanobacterial communities isolated from soil ecosystems of the Astrakhan region was studied in this work. To search for biotechnologically promising microorganisms cyanobacterial communities were isolated from soil ecosystems and plant rhizosphere using the culture enrichment method. The dominant edifiers of the identified soil cyanobacterial communities include filamentous and heterocystic forms of cyanobacteria: Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Anabaena, Nostoc. The content of ascorbic acid, glucose, nitrogen, and phosphorus was determined in the biomass of the studied cyanobacterial communities. The biologically active compound quercetin was detected by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Formic, propionic, fumaric, isocitric, lactic, acetic, and pyruvic acids were identified in aqueous-alcoholic extracts (50:50, 80:20, 20:80) of communities by high-performance liquid chromatography method. Formic acid was detected in all samples. The composition of low molecular weight organic compounds of a hexane extract of a soil community contain alkaloids (Reserpine, Buprenorphine, Yohimbine), flavonoids (Peonidin-3,5-diglucoside), and peptides (Cyclo(Gln-Trp-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met). Reserpine – 0.23% and yohimbine – 0.19% were found in the largest quantities. These compounds have bacteriostatic, fungicidal, antiviral, herbicidal, toxic effect. Producers such as cyanobacteria are attractive for biotechnology due to the presence of beneficial properties and the production of valuable metabolites. | ||||
| Keywords: cyanobacteria, cyanobacterial communities, metabolites, extract, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, alkaloids, high performance thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography |
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| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-030-038 |
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Study of water purification from copper ions by modified hulls of cereals |
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| S.V. Stepanova, A.A. Alekseeva | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
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The paper investigates the possibility of using agricultural wastes such as hulls of barley, wheat and oat grains to remove copper ions (Cu2+) from wastewater. The effect of sorption material modification with 1% sulfuric acid solution (H2SO4) on water treatment efficiency was studied. Hulls of cereals, which are wastes of grain processing enterprises, were used as sorbents (SM) of copper ions from model waters with Cu2+ concentration from 0.3 to 62.9 mmol/L (20–4000 mg/L). It is shown that modification with 1% H2SO4 solution allows increasing the sorption capacity of the investigated materials by 2–15% depending on the initial Cu2+ concentration. The maximum sorption capacity of the modified samples is 1.266 mmol/g for barley hulls, 1.186 mmol/g – for wheat hulls, and 1.266 mmol/g – for oats hulls. The calculation of adsorption parameters showed that the process of copper ions sorption for all studied samples corresponds to the Langmuir model in the area of Cu2+ concentrations from 0.3 to 15.7 mmol/L and to the Freundlich model at concentrations from 15.7 to 62.9 mmol/L. Measurements of the degree of crystallinity revealed an increase in the amorphous nature of the material after modification, which was confirmed by diffractometric analysis. Microscopic studies showed that H2SO4 treatment alters the surface structure of the sorbent, increasing the specific surface area and releasing active sorption centers. These changes provide a more efficient retention of Cu2+ due to intermolecular interactions with the active sorbent centers. Thus, modified grain hulls of barley, wheat and oat are promising, environmentally friendly and economical sorbent for the removal of copper ions from wastewater. Modification with 1% H2SO4 solution provides improvement of sorption characteristics of the material, which makes it applicable for additional treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater containing copper ions. |
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| Keywords: hulls of cereals, chemical modification, sorbents, water purification, copper ions |
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| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-132-141 |
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Carbon footprint of Cannabis sativa L. cultivation under elevated ambient temperature conditions |
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| N.V. Danilova, D.M. Glazunova, V.R. Babichuk, P.A. Kuryntseva, S.Yu. Selivanovskaya | ||||
| Section: Agroecology |
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| Preventing of global climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon using biotechnology is one of the most important environmental challenges of our time. The creation of plantations with carbon-superabsorbing plants, such as Cannabis sativa L., is considered as one of the possible solution to this problem. Such plants stimulate soil microbial biomass and contribute to microbial carbon emission but sequester so much carbon in their own biomass that the balance of these processes becomes negative. The question of the carbon footprint of these biotechnologies under conditions of elevated ambient temperatures remains unknown so far. In this study, the C. sativa cultivation at a temperature of 15 оС, typical for the growing season in Central Russia, as well as at elevated temperatures of 20 and 30 оС, is realized in a greenhouse. It was found that carbon dioxide emission from the control soil (without plants) at the three specified temperatures is 1.88, 2.71 and 2.59 g CO2·m-2, respectively, while C. sativa cultivation increases the emissions by 113, 110 and 124% compared to control, respectively. Organic carbon content does not change during the growing season, while microbial and plant biomass increases with temperature. When calculating the carbon balance, it was found that ΔСО2 is –9067.64, –8587.08 and –11496.8 kg·ha-1 at 15, 20 and 30 оС, respectively. This allows recommending the C. sativa cultivation for atmospheric carbon sequestration both now and in the future when the average annual temperatures increase. | ||||
| Keywords: carbon cycle, soil respiration activity, soil carbon sequestration, soil carbon pool, carbon footprint, superabsorbing plants |
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| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-167-174 |
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Ichthyofauna of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River at the Lomonosov diamond deposit |
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| I.I. Studenov, G.M. Ustyuzhinsky | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| Fish population comprehensive analysis of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River and its tributaries (the Svetlaya River and the Svetly Creek) in the impact zone of the Lomonosov diamond deposit started in 2000. Watercourses were studied before the construction of the channel around the pit, during and after its construction. Since the ichthyofauna monitoring points became permanent only in 2011, after the completion of the canal construction, the population indicators for the 2011–2021 period are analyzed. Eleven fish species were found in the ichthyofauna during the studied period. Salmonoidei (salmonoid fishes) – grayling and brown trout – were the basis of the catch (in terms of the number of caught individuals), which accounted for slightly less than half of all caught fish. The proportion of Salmonoidei in control catches over the entire observation period ranged from 51.6% to 77.3% of the total number, averaging 61.0±2.6%. The proportion of other fish species ranged from 22.7% to 48.4%, on average – 39.0±2.6%. Based on measurements of fish length and body weight, it was determined that in the studied area Salmonoidei are either juveniles or first spawning individuals. In the long-term aspect, the linear trend of catches per effort for brown trout and grayling has a stable upward trend, which allows us to expect an increase in the share of Salmonoidei in catches in the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa river system in the impact area of the Lomonosov diamond deposit. | ||||
| Keywords: Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River, fish population, biological parameters, relative abundance |
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| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-092-099 |
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Assessment of the ecological status of taiga lakes in the oil-producing region of Western Siberia based on the zoobenthos analysis |
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| V.V. Perminova, Y.A. Frank, D.S. Vorobiev | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| Hydroecological studies of the state of benthos communities in the oil-polluted lakes situated in the Samotlor oil field were carried out. One hundred and one lakes were examined, among which water bodies with organogenic bottom sediments and low pH values prevail. Oil products’ content in the bottom sediments of the examined lakes exceed background values. The minimum value of the total oil product content in the bottom sediments was 1.5 g/kg, the maximum values were above 300 g/kg. Twelve ecological groups of macrozoobenthos were found in bottom sediment samples. Chironomidae larvae (38.0%) and Oligochaeta (9.6%) were the most abundant. Chironomidae larvae were the dominant group in terms of abundance (86%) and biomass (56%). The average macrozoobenthos values were 328 ind./m2 and 1.62 g/m2. According to the state of macrozoobenthos communities, most of the examined lakes have low sediment productivity (oligotrophic) and high pollution level (polysaprobic, class VI). According to the examination results, most of the lakes (85%) need cleaning of their bottom sediments from oil and petroleum products. We made a conclusion about the long-term, chronic nature of oil pollution of the studied lakes. Poorly soluble oil agglomerates on the bottom of water bodies lose their toxicity and are covered with bottom sediments where bottom invertebrates live, avoiding direct contact with oil pollution. The obtained data on the state of the benthic invertebrate communities are important for future research and monitoring of the ecological status of taiga lakes. | ||||
| Keywords: benthos, bottom communities, lake, bottom sediments, oil, oil products, monitoring |
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| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-086-091 |
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Assessment of the redox potential and DNA oxidative damage (8-OHdG) in subchronic thiram intoxication |
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| V.A. Korolev, A.V. Sedykh, E.V. Felker, I.V. Korolev, V.A. Ryadnova, E.V. Korolev | ||||
| Section: Ecotoxicology |
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| In this study the effect of oxidative stress caused by subchronic intoxication with the fungicide thiram on the antioxidant defense system of the body was examined and the methods for correcting the antioxidant status were developed. As a result of the introduction of thiram, there was a significant increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (~ 3.26 times in relation to the control), together with a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) (~ 2.63 times) and total antioxidant activity (AAA) (~ 1.64 times) in blood plasma. The level of 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was also significantly higher (p <0.05) in the intoxication groups compared with the control values. The use of vitamin E and milk thistle restored the redox potential of cells. Based on this study it can be assumed that 8-OHdG is a biomarker for assessing the risks associated with excessive production of free radicals.Thiram is a contact fungicide, considered a seed dressing for many agricultural crops. This preparation has high cumulative, toxic properties and can be preserved in agricultural processing products for up to one and a half years. In the present study, we studied the effect of oxidative stress caused by subchronic tiram intoxication on the antioxidant defense system of the rat organism and developed methods for correcting the antioxidant status. Pesticide ingestion resulted in a significant increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (~3.26 times compared to control), a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) (~2.63 times) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) (~ 1.64 times) in blood plasma. The level of 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the intoxicated groups compared to the control values. After experimental subchronic intoxication, antioxidants were used – vitamin E at a dose of 8.58 mg/kg and milk thistle extract at a dose of 13.74 mg/kg. Their application within 30 days significantly restored the redox potential of the body cells of laboratory animals. The highest antioxidant properties in our study were noted with vitamin E, which allows us to recommend it as a means of correcting the effects caused by the action of oxidative stress in the body. Based on this study, it can be assumed that 8-OHdG is a biomarker for assessing the risks associated with excessive formation of free radicals during oxidative stress. The results of this study can be used in the development of antioxidant therapy to alleviate the effects associated with oxidative stress. | ||||
| Keywords: thiram, reduced glutathione, 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine, total antioxidant activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) |
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| Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-183-189 |
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Current issues of eliminating odor pollution of the environment by poultry by-products: a review |
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| N.V. Syrchina, T.Ya. Ashikhmina, M.H. Kheto | ||||
| Section: Theoretical problems of ecology |
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| The operation of modern poultry farms is accompanied by the formation of a significant amount of by-products, chicken manure (CM) is among them. The accumulation of manure near poultry farms causes odor pollution of residential areas. Odor-forming substances (OFS) are formed during the metabolism of undigested feed residues a variety of microorganisms that enter the manure from the intestines of chickens and the external environment. Short-chain fatty acids, volatile sulfur compounds (H2S, thioalcohols, thioethers, etc.) and nitrogen (NH3, biogenic amines, etc.) make the main contribution to odor formation. Such bacteria as Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, as well as fungi Mucor, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium dominate in fresh CM. The microbiota composition changes significantly during storage or composting. In particular, the number of Firmicutes decreases and the number of Actinobacteria increases. The microbial community transformation is accompanied by a change in odor. Fresh CM have the most intense odor. Active research is underway to develop methods to deodorize CM. Methods involving the use of microbiological preparations, acidity regulators, and natural sorbents are of greater practical interest. Materials used as deodorants inhibit OFS-producing putrefactive microbiota or eliminate odor by destroying, immobilizing, and masking of OFS. Chemical and physical-chemical methods of deodorization are more convenient for industrial processing of CM into commercial forms of fertilizers. The combined effect of lime (a chemical reagent) and glauconite (a sorbent) followed by drying the mixture leads to a significant reduction of CM odor. The disadvantages of this method include significant losses of nitrogen (in the form of NH3) during the decomposition of ammonium salts in an alkaline medium. To prevent the NH3 emission into the atmosphere, it is possible to use the technology of absorption of this gas by an acid solution (for example, sulfuric acid). The ammonium sulfate formed in this way can be used as a nitrogen fertilizer. | ||||
| Keywords: chicken manure, odor, intestinal microbiota, manure microbiota, fertilizers, manure deodorization |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-006-020 |
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Monitoring of protected species on the territory of Bushkovskiy forest State Nature Reserve |
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| O.N. Perestoronina, S.V. Shabalkina, Е.А. Domnina | ||||
| Section: Population ecology |
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| Based on long-term studies (2004–2023), the data on the distribution of rare and in need of constant monitoring of animal, plant and fungi species in the territory of Bushkovskiy forest State Nature Reserve of regional significance was updated. The Bushkovskiy forest Reserve is located in the Urzhumsky district of the Kirov Region. The territory was not glaciated and retained a dense gully network. There is a hydrological natural monument “Shaitan Lake” within the reserve. Many small rivers flow through the forest. The above Nature Reserve is one of the largest specially protected natural areas in the Kirov Region, which is intended to preserve the region’s broad-leaved fir-spruce forests with their unique flora and fauna. Seven animal species, two vascular plant species, two moss species, four lichen species, and one fungus species included in the Red Data Book of the Kirov Region were identified in the studied area. Of these, five species – Epipogium aphyllum Sw., Meesia longiseta Hedwig, Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm., Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758) – are listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. Four species of Angiospermae and eight species of Invertebrata were identified from the list of rare and vulnerable species that need constant monitoring in the region. The confirmation of the conservation of previously noted rare species and the discovery of new ones indicate the high conservation effectiveness of the Bushkovskiy forest Nature Reserve. | ||||
| Keywords: biodiversity, Red Data Book, specially protected natural area, rarity status, rare species, taxon |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-194-201 |
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Possible ways of using consortium relations of Trichoderma atroviride new strain with nitrogen fixers in agrobiotechnology |
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| P.A. Starikov, L.I. Domracheva, A.I. Fokina, A.S. Olkova, G.R. Akhmedov, P.D. Stepanov, A.R. Kireeva | ||||
| Section: Agroecology |
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| Twenty-six strains of Trichoderma fungi were isolated from samples of sod-podzolic soil, bark of coniferous and deciduous trees, decaying wood, and sporocarps of basidiomycetes. The antagonistic activity of these strains was studied using samples of phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, as well as 8 strains of Fusarium. Two isolates (K-01P and K-02T) of the studied Trichoderma strains showed the highest antifungal activity. Sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 genome region determined that these strains belong to T. atroviride and T. koningii. T. atroviride strain K-01P was selected for further studies. It showed higher degree of conidiogenesis, cellulase activity, and broad spectrum of antifungal action compared to T. koningii K-02T. The selected isolate K-01P showed a broad spectrum of antagonistic activity against micromycetes of Fusarium, Aureobasidium, Alternaria genera. Additional laboratory studies showed that the T. atroviride strain was compatible with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum, Rhizobium trifolii, and Fischerella muscicola. Synergism of their action and phytostimulating properties during inoculation of higher plant seeds with these associations were proved. A consortium of T. atroviride + Azotobacter chroococcum, strains was identified to have not only has growth-stimulating properties, but also the ability to degrade cellulose and dissolve phosphates at a higher level than the Trichoderma monoculture. The suspension of strain K-01P with the recommended titer of 2·105 conidia/g showed no acute toxicity in biotests using the “Ecolum” preparation based on Escherichia coli and crustaceans Daphnia magna. | ||||
| Keywords: Trichoderma, antagonism, phytostimulation, Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Fischerella, cellulase activity, phosphate mobilization, bioassay |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-140-150 |
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36, Moskovskya street, Kirov, 610000, Editorial Board "Theoretical and Applied Ecology." Phone/fax: (8332) 37-02-77 e-mail: envjournal@vyatsu.ru The journal was founded in 2007 |
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