ISSN 1995-4301(Print)
ISSN 2618-8406
(Online)
Current issues:
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Select viewing optionsSources, toxicity and bioaccumulation of rare earths in the environment: review |
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| A.S. Olkova, M.A. Sysolyatina | ||||
| Section: Theoretical problems of ecology |
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| The anthropogenic part of the rare earth elements (REE) cycle is becoming increasingly noticeable due to its increasing mining, using, accumulating in wastes. The aim of the work is to summarize current scientific data of the REE effect on living organisms in different habitats, including the mechanisms and specificity of their action, as well as bioaccumulation. Both REE’s natural geochemical anomalies and anthropogenic polluted zones are known. The REE soil accumulation in industrial areas is up to 2.3 µg/kg; in urban snow the REE content varies from 0.411 µg/kg to 1.463 µg/kg. The REE negative molecular mechanism provokes oxidative stress; the latter can be expressed as stimulation of vital functions at low doses of toxicants, and as inhibition of organisms with increasing concentrations. The REE toxic concentrations depends on the chemical element nature, as well as on set of environmental factors and the exposure target, but they are often 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than those of heavy metals. In the early 21th century, this served as a basis to consider REEs environmentally safety. But many sublethal and delayed effects of REEs including endocrine disorders and negative effects on the breeding potential of populations have now been shown. The complexity of REEs study is due to additive, antagonistic, or synergistic effects of their mixtures and combinations with other elements. Thus, a comprehensive study of rare earth elements remains an urgent task with preventive environmental importance. The vulnerable species identification, REEs delayed effects and the REEs co-action with other substances are the most promising scientific issues. | ||||
| Keywords: rare earth elements, biotesting, bioindication, bioaccumulation, toxic effects |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-019-030 |
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Primary pedogenesis on different texture substrates in post-technogenic ecosystems of the taiga zone |
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| I.A. Likhanova, E.G. Kuznetsova, Yu.V. Kholopov, S.V. Deneva, E.M. Lapteva | ||||
| Section: Remediation and rehabilitation |
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| The paper focuses on the primary soil formation under automorphic conditions in the middle taiga sub-zone of the European North-East of Russia (Komi Republic) on the post-technogenic territories (quarries for the extraction of minerals (construction sand)) with different soil materials (ancient alluvial sands; fluvioglacial sands and sandy loams, moraine loams). In the quarries, the processes of soil formation and vegetation cover development are interdependent and are affected by the properties of soil-forming rocks. Along with the improvement of soil properties (from sandy loam to loam), the biometric parameters of pine stands increase; in the ground cover, dominating lichens are replaced by mosses, and then by grasses. The biogenic accumulation rates of organic matter increase along with the transition of soil material to fine-textured. In automorphic conditions, the accumulation rate of Corg. in soil of sandy quarry under sparse young lichen pine forest reaches 0.1, in sandy loam under young forb-moss pine forest – 0.3, in loam under young grass-forb pine forest – 0.6 t/ha/year. Already in the first succession decades, every study soil demonstrates weakly expressed processes of eluviation and illuviation (the beginning of podzolization). These processes are evidenced by morphological signs (the appearance of bleached quartz grains and whitish patches under organic horizon and in its lower part), redistribution of silicon, iron, and aluminum compounds, as well as of silty particles proportion. | ||||
| Keywords: middle taiga, quarries, primary soil formation, soil carbon, podzol formation |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-122-130 |
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The assessment of potential risks of chloride salts and their effect on seed germination and plant development |
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| L.P. Voronina, V.L. Flerchuk, K.E. Ponogaybo, A.V. Sbitnev, M. Abdelkader | ||||
| Section: Ecotoxicology |
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| The article discusses the negative effect of de-icing materials (DM) and salts in their composition on plant seedlings germination and development. The influence of sodium and potassium cations and chlorine anion on phytotoxicity index is considered. The dynamics of test-plants (Avena sativa L., Raphanus sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L.) response on a number of test-indicators depending on the concentration of basic salts in DM by a promising method of phytotesting was analyzed. The analyzed DMs in concentrations higher than 1% have an inhibitory effect. The DM at 14–16 g/L suppresses root length of test plants (more than 50%) relative to the control. The low content of heavy metals, such as Cd, Cu, Pb, in the analyzed DM samples indicates the toxicity of sodium chloride as an active de-icing agent. The results of statistical analysis convincingly prove the high phytotoxicity of sodium chloride (NaCl) in relation to such indicators of the juvenile test-plant development as germination, the primary root length and the coleoptile height. Increasing the NaCl concentration in the solution from 0.75 to 1% was strongly toxic to the test-plants (more than 50%). Potassium chloride (KCl) in the concentration range of 0.1–1.0% showed no phytotoxicity. The KCl presence in the NaCl-included de-icing reagent reduces its phytotoxicity and allows the toxicity level of the agent to be assessed as “moderately toxic”. | ||||
| Keywords: deicing material (DM), sodium chloride, potassium chloride, seed germination, phytotoxicity, salinity |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-156-165 |
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Cyanobacteria and Algae in the Karlamanskaya Cave (Bashkortostan Republic, Russia) |
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| M. Yu. Sharipova, I.Е. Dubovik | ||||
| Section: Population ecology |
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| The article presents data on the composition and structure of cyanobacterial-algal cenoses of various habitats of the Karlamanskaya Cave. The study identified 46 species and intraspecific taxa of cyanobacteria and algae belonging to 5 divisions (Cyanobacteria – 17 species and intraspecific taxa, Bacillariophyta – 12 species and intraspecific taxa, Chlorophyta – 14 species, Charophyta – 1 species, Ochrophyta – 2 species), 7 classes, 16 order, 28 families and 36 genera. Leptolyngbya boryana (Gom.) Anagn. et Kom., Oscillatoria rupicola (Hansgirg) Hansgirg ex Forti, Luticola mutica (Kütz.) Mann, Mychonastes homosphaera (Skuja) Kalina et Punс., Chlorella vulgaris Beijerink present the dominant complex of cyanobacteria and algae in all studied habitats. Cyanobacteria dominate in all biotopes of the cave except aquatic ones where diatoms predominated. The maximum number of species was found in the soil at the cave entrance and in the soil of the illuminated cave zone: 31 and 29 species respectively. The lowest number was found in the soil and on the walls (16 and 11 species respectively). Ecological analysis of cyanobacterium and algae revealed 12 life forms: Сh9B9P5X5CF5hydr4amph2PF1NF1C1M1H1. Most of the life forms were found in the illuminated cave zone: in the soil (10 forms), on the wall (10 forms) and at the cave entrance (11 forms). The ecobiomorphs composition of the dark zone is the poorest (5 forms). | ||||
| Keywords: karst cave, cyanobacteria-algal cenoses |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-184-190 |
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Comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of the transboundary Narva River |
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| T.V. Kuznetsova, A.B. Manvelova, Y.M. Polyak | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| A comprehensive study of the ecological state on the transboundary Narva River (Russia –Estonia border) downstream of Ivangorod, Kingisepp District, Leningrad Region, was carried out. It included the determination of chemical indicators of pollution of the natural river water, with an emphasis on some heavy metals content in water, sediments and soft tissues of local filter-feeding mollusks; the latter were used as bioindicators of river pollution in this location. Zn was determined in maximum concentrations in bottom sediments, then Cu, to a lesser extent Pb, Cd and Ni. The coefficient of metal bioconcentration calculated in soft tissues of mollusks showed maximum for Zn and Cu, to a lesser extent for Pb, Cd and minimum for Ni. However, such values have no negative effect on local biota as shown by physiological testing of bivalves from study site. The functional assessment of bivalves by non-invasive cardiac rhythm recording made it possible to characterize their functional status and adaptive capabilities as good. The relative abundance of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria in the digestive tract of mollusks from the Narva River has been determined as an indicator of environmental pollution by oil products. It was noted that the number of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria does not exceed the values characteristic of the reference waters of the Eastern Gulf of Finland. Based on the totality of the studies, it was concluded that the river waters in the studied location can be characterized as slightly polluted and its ecological status as of a good quality. | ||||
| Keywords: comprehensive assessment of the ecological status, chemical indicators of water quality, heavy metals in sediments and tissues of mollusks, hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria, functional status of bivalves |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-064-072 |
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Toxic effect of ciprofloxacin on the photosynthesis reactions in microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Bréb. |
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| D.N. Matorin, N.P. Timofeev, A.D. Batakov, D.A. Todorenko, T.K. Antal | ||||
| Section: Ecotoxicology |
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| Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is widely used broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug of fluoroquinolone family. The widespread use of ciprofloxacin increases its release into the environment. Ciprofloxacin is detected in aquatic ecosystems potentially harming aquatic organisms. The CIP effect on photosynthetic organisms is not fully studied. In this study we examined the CIP effect on green freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Bréb. using chlorophyll fluorescence methods (JIP test parameters and rapid light curves). A significant decrease in the cell number was observed at ≥10 mg/L of сiprofloxacin in comparison with control. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters obtained from OJIP transients revealed the changes in photosynthetic reactions in сiprofloxacin treatment. Ciprofloxacin was found to inhibit electron transport rate in photosystem II (PSII). The decrease in the quantum yield of electron transport in photosystem II (φEo) was accompanied by the decrease in performance index (PIABS) and an increase in energy dissipation (DI0/RC). Ciprofloxacin enhanced the photosensitivity of microalgae but did not inhibit the recovery of photosynthetic activity after the photooxidative stress. In this regard the effect of CIP differs from that of the well-known antibiotic chloramphenicol that inhibits the resynthesis of plastid proteins and, accordingly, the recovery of photosynthetic activity associated with the resynthesis of PSII protein D1. Among the fluorescence parameters, PIABS was found to be the most stress-specific; therefore it can be proposed to detect an early toxic CIP effect in microalgae. | ||||
| Keywords: ciprofloxacin, Scenedesmus quadricauda, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, bioassay |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-150-156 |
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Photodegradation of polylactide with phenol and aniline terpene derivatives additives |
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| V.A. Belyy, I.M. Kuzivanov, I.V. Fedorova, O.A. Shumova, E.M. Tropnikov, E.I. Istomina, I.Yu. Chukicheva, A.V. Kuchin | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
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| The article is devoted to the development of new photostabilizers of polylactide, a polymer that is an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil-based polymers. The new photostabilizers are designed to extend the life of products when exposed to ultraviolet radiation and maintain the performance of the polymer when recycled. Photostabilizers 2-isobor-nylphenol and N-para-mentenaniline were obtained while the available natural monoterpene camphene alkylation of phenol or aniline. Irradiation of polylactide samples with a photostabilizer was carried out by radiation with 253,7 nm wavelength for 4 h. The effectiveness of the photostabilizer was evaluated on the basis of IR spectrometric data, as well as by scanning electron microscopy and simultaneous thermal analysis. The introduction of each of the selected stabilizers at the concentration of 0.05% by weight resulted in the protection of ester bonds between the monomer units of the polymer. However, 2-isobornylphenol was more effective. The IR spectra analysis of the irradiated samples revealed a 15% decrease in the absorption intensity of the characteristic bands of the ester groups in the sample with 2-isobornyl-phenol, 46% in the sample with N-para-mentenaniline, and 50% in the sample without stabilizer addition. Thus, the use of 2-isobornylphenol as a photoprotective additive will extend the service life of polylactide plastic products under exposure to aggressive UV-C radiation. The protection of polylactide from UV radiation opens up prospects for expanding the areas of application of polylactide, a polymer synthesized from renewable raw materials. | ||||
| Keywords: bioplastics, photodegradation, polylactide, photoprotectors |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-106-112 |
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Fire frequency index of linden forests in the Jewish Autonomous Region |
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| A.M. Zubareva, T. A. Rubtsova, V.A. Zubarev | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| Based on expeditionary work in the period 2003–2018 we compile a map of linden forests locations in the Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR). An inventory map of forest fires was created using data on forest fire registration of the Forest Management Department of the JAR Government for 2017–2020. The number, area, and configuration of the burned areas were determined by superimposing of these maps. The analysis of fire-damaged forests shows that during the study period fires were observed in all forest formation with linden. Their total number was 174. The most of fires (33%) noted in 2018 and the fewest (15%) – in 2017. The average annual number of fires in 2017–2020 was 44. The largest area affected by the pyrogenic factor was observed in 2018. The smallest area (7.5%) of linden forests were fire-transformed in 2020. The average area of one fire is 653 hectares. This corresponds to 64% of the total fire-affected area in the studied vegetation formations. The black birch and oak park-type forests, sometimes with linden, larch, with silverspike-and-forbs cover and forbs-and-pinegrass meadows were most affected by fire. We analyzed the spatial distribution of the fire-damaged forests and established its main patterns as well as identified the areas of repeated burnout. In the most of the JAR linden forests fires have a one-time character. Local areas are subject to multiple burnout; the causes of their high multiple ignition require further study. In this regard, forest fires is a factor that significantly contributes to the reduction of the honey-bearing lands of the JAR. | ||||
| Keywords: forest fires, fire frequency index, linden forests, Russian Far East |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-090-096 |
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Stress effect of crude biocide of actinobacteria Streptomyces geldanamycininus Z374 on cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa |
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| T.B. Zaytseva, A.D. Russu, N.G. Medvedeva | ||||
| Section: Population ecology |
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| Over the past decades, as a result of anthropogenic pollution and global warming, the frequency, intensity and geographical distribution of the mass development of microalgae and cyanobacteria in water bodies have significantly increased. The Microcystis species are responsible for most cases of the cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater bodies worldwide. Microcystis aeruginosa is the most commonly observed of them. In this work, we assessed the stress effect of isolated from actinobacteria Streptomyces geldanamycininus cyanocidal crude biocide Z374 (CB Z374) on the cyanobacteria M. aeruginosa. The results showed that CB Z374 significantly inhibited M. aeruginosa biomass. The CB Z374 half maximal effective concentration (EC50) for M. aeruginosa after 96 hours of treatment was 5 mg/L. The growth of M. aeruginosa with CB Z374 is characterized by an increase in the duration of the lag-phase, a decrease in the specific growth rate and biomass yield compared to the control. CB Z374 caused oxidative stress in cyanobacteria cells, determined by the elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) up to 1.6 times, as well as an increased permeability of M. aeruginosa cell membranes by 1.5 times. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content raised in response to oxidative stress. M. aeruginosa growth inhibition was accompanied by a photosynthesis modification: the photosynthetic pigments phycobiliproteins and carotenoids content increases by 2.3 and 1.6 times respectively and the chlorophyll a content decreases by 1.2 times. CB Z374 inhibited M. aeruginosa photosynthesis, which was expressed in a decline in the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II – Fv/Fm by 10% and a reduction in the electron transfer rate (ETR) by 18%. We assume that oxidative stress and, as a result, cell membranes damage and photosynthesis inhibition are the main mechanisms of the cyanocidal action of CB Z374 on M. aeruginosa. | ||||
| Keywords: crude biocide Z374, Streptomyces geldanamycininus, Microcystis aeruginosa, oxidative stress, cell membrane, photosynthesis |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-175-183 |
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Effect of microbiological preparations and nitrogen application on the processes associated with sequestration of organic carbon in typical slightly eroded chernozem soil |
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| N.P. Masyutenko, A.V. Kuznetsov, M.N. Masyutenko, N.A. Chuyan, G.M. Breskina | ||||
| Section: Agroecology |
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| Organic carbon sequestration is a present-day topical issue. The effect of a biological preparation based on Trichoderma viride and a biological preparation based on Pseudomonas aureofacieens, used to treat shredded by-products of crops before embedding them in the soil, and applied N10 kg PPN per 1 ton of by-products (N) was studied. The research was carried out in 2018–2020 in FSBSI “Kursk FARC” in a stationary field experiment with biopreparations (Kursk Region, Medvensky District, village of Panino) in a typical slightly eroded chernozem soil in a grain crop rotation link (spring barley – buckwheat – fodder beans). It was found that the use of biological preparations separately or together with N contributed to the soil sequestration of carbon in the topsoil, significant accumulation of humus carbon reserves was 2.2 and 2.4 times higher than that in the control, and the application of only N10 kg PPN with 1 ton of plant residues ensured the preservation of humus carbon reserves. Carbon reserves in the by-products, crop and root residues of the cultivated crops in the topsoil when using biological preparations were higher than those in the control. A direct high relationship was revealed between the average amount of carbon dioxide released from the soil during the vegetation of fodder beans and the amount of carbon from their by-products, crop and root residues entering the soil layers of 0–10 cm and 0–20 cm, correlation coefficients were 0.87 and 0.80. The efficiency of soil carbon sequestration in the topsoil when using biological preparations separately or together with nitrogen exceeded that of the control, respectively 2.0 and 2.1 times, and of shredded by-products with N10 PPN per 1 ton only 1.5 times. | ||||
| Keywords: organic carbon, binding efficiency, microbiological preparations, by-products, crop and root residues, typical slightly eroded chernozem soil, CO2 emission |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-1-113-121 |
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36, Moskovskya street, Kirov, 610000, Editorial Board "Theoretical and Applied Ecology." Phone/fax: (8332) 37-02-77 e-mail: envjournal@vyatsu.ru The journal was founded in 2007 |
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