ISSN 1995-4301(Print)
ISSN 2618-8406
(Online)
Current issues:
Online version of the journal
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Select viewing optionsEcological and toxicological evaluation of the possibility of selenium application for the correction of lead intoxication in Wistar rats |
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| A.V. Sindireva, O.A. Zaуko, A.K. Mangutova | ||||
| Section: Ecotoxicology |
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| Excessive intake of heavy metals (HM) into the diet of animals and humans with plant food and water is due to water, soil, and plants contamination with HM. In this regard, it seems relevant to develop new methods and study of biochemical mechanisms of detoxification in the body. The use of antagonist elements, in particular selenium, deserves special attention. To assess the possibility of selenium application for correction of metabolic disorders caused by toxic doses of lead in the body, a subacute experiment was conducted for 14 days on male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups of 15 rats each. The first group was the control (intact animals). The experimental groups “Se”, “Pb”, “Pb+Se” received daily oral administration of 1 mg/kg lead or/and selenium compounds. After the experiment, the organs of the animals were examined for selenium content using a fluorometric method. The blood plasma was examined for the content of biochemical indicators characterizing liver and kidney function, as well as the content of substances with low and medium molecular weight. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and indicators of lipid peroxidation were determined in the liver and kidney homogenates. Our results showed that changes in liver and kidney function in the “Se” and “Pb” groups were associated with impaired energy metabolism, hypoxia, and oxidative stress, leading to intensified peroxidation processes and disruption of organ membrane structures. The administration of selenium-containing compounds on the background of lead compounds promotes activation of the antioxidant system. However, both hypoxia and impaired energy metabolism are still observed, as evidenced by increased levels of lactate, glucose, and aspartate aminotransferase activity. The results contribute to understanding the biochemical aspects of lead and selenium action in animals. The obtained data can serve as a basis for developing pathogenetically justified methods for correcting micronutrient imbalances based on the interaction between selenium and HM. | ||||
| Keywords: lead, selenium, liver, kidneys, trace elemental deseases, metabolism |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-168-176 |
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Geo-ecological aspects of sustainable development of multifunctional complexes for solid municipal waste management |
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| E.V. Gubar, O.A. Samarina, O.V. Tupicina, V.N. Pystin | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| This study is devoted to solving the problems of creating (new construction) municipal solid waste management (MSW) facilities on the territory of small settlements (municipal districts and regions) of the Volga Federal District. The most significant geo-ecological indicators providing a comprehensive assessment of the design and construction of a MSW landfill were identified and justified. Service life, capacity, landfill capacity for non-compacted waste, and landfill capacity for compacted waste are the main indicators. The technical indicators of the design objects are a set of main and auxiliary facilities serving the operation of the waste disposal site in accordance with its functional zoning. A comparative assessment of the geo-ecological, technical, economic and operational indicators of the construction of a MSW disposal facility was carried out by developing three options for organizing a waste disposal site (quarry, bulk, combined) for a reference landfill of solid municipal waste with a disposal capacity of up to 30 thousand tons per year with a storage area of 3 hectares. The degree of economic activity effect on the geological environment is considered from the maximum possible deepening to the refusal of deepening of MSW landfill site. The quantitative parameters obtained as a result of the study represent criteria for redundancy of design solutions as a percentage of the total cost of construction of waste management facilities. The calculations made it possible to develop an integrated system for assessing technical and economic indicators and resource and technological security of design solutions for measures implemented in the sphere of consumer waste management. | ||||
| Keywords: sustainable development of municipal MSW facilities, rational use of land resources, environmental safety of natural-technogenic systems, geo-ecological assessment of the construction of municipal MSW facilities |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-111-119 |
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Maximum age of Coregonus lavaretus in the Pechora River basin |
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| E.I. Boznak, V.I. Ponomarev | ||||
| Section: Population ecology |
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| The work analyzes data on the maximum recorded age of Coregonus lavaretus caught in different water bodies of the Pechora River basin (a total of 1948 specimens from 12 rivers, 18 different types of lakes and Korovinskaya Bay of the Pechora Sea). Field collections of materials were carried out in the period from 1985 to 2022. In different samples, the maximum age varied from 5+ to 21+. Residential groups are characterized by higher maximum age (5+ – 21+, median 9) compared to the semi-anadromous form of whitefish (5+ – 9+, median 8). The highest values (18+ and 21+) were recorded for whitefish living in hard-to-reach reservoirs of the lake-river system of the Maly Patok River (a second-order tributary of the Pechora River). The catchment area of this river is entirely part of the territory of the Federal National Park “Yugyd va”, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Today, this age is apparently the maximum for whitefish in water bodies of the European Northeast of Russia and is close to the limit values for this fish species. The theoretical age limit for whitefish varies from 12 to 44 years (on average about 25 years) and describes the linear growth of whitefish in different reservoirs of the Pechora River basin. It was estimated on the basis of the coefficients of the Bertalanffy equation (k and t0). A similar value (28–35 years) is obtained if the calculations use seven times the duration of maturation period (4+ – 5+ years). There are no significant differences in the maximum theoretical age between the semi-anadromous and residential forms of the whitefish. The maximum recorded ages of Pechora whitefish (17+ – 21+) can reach 70–80% of theoretical values. Apparently, the main factor limiting the lifespan of whitefish in natural reservoirs is intensive fishing. | ||||
| Keywords: Coregonus lavaretus, maximum age, the Pechora River basin |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-187-193 |
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Heavy metal accumulation in soils and leaves of Betula pendula in urban pollution conditions |
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| A.S. Petukhov, T.A. Kremleva, E.D. Levchuk, N.A. Khritokhin, G.A. Petukhova | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| The main aim was to study heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr) migration in soil-birch (Betula pendula) system, as well as to determine the contribution of metal aerotechnogenic migration to their total accumulation by birch leaves. Soils and birch leaves were sampled near industrial enterprises and transport hubs in Tyumen. The mobile and acid-soluble metal fraction content in soils, as well as metal content in washed and unwashed birch leaves were determined by atomic emission spectroscopy. Metal accumulation in urban soils compared to the control decreased in the order: Cd>Pb>Cr>Ni>Zn>Cu>Fe>Co>Mn. Pb and Ni content exceeded the MPC. Metal accumulation in birch leaves decreased in the order: Pb>Cr>Fe>Co>Cu>Ni>Zn>Mn>Cd. Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, and Cr content exceeded the MPC. The greatest metal accumulation in soil was at railway station, while in birch leaves – in the vicinity of metallurgical plant. Metal mobility in soil decreased in the order Cd>Pb>Mn>Zn>Ni>Co>Cu>Cr>Fe, which correlated with their bioavailability: Zn>Cd>Mn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cr>Fe>Co. The contribution of aerotechnogenic metal migration studied by the difference of metal content in washed and unwashed leaves, was 20-30%. Aerotechnogenic migration decreased in the order: Cr>Ni>Cd≈Mn>Fe>Zn≈Pb≈Co>Cu. The correlation between aerotechnogenic migration and metal compounds volatility was established. | ||||
| Keywords: heavy metals, soils, plants, aerotechnogenic migration, bioconcentration factor, accumulation |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-083-091 |
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Post-pyrogenic soils of the Chara Depression larch forests (North Transbaikalia) |
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| Yu.K. Vasil’chuk, A.P. Ginzburg, A.C. Vasil’chuk, N.A. Budantseva, J.Yu. Vasil’chuk | ||||
| Section: Chemistry of natural environments and objects |
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| We looked at the soil profiles on the first Holocene terrace of the Chara River, where the Belen’kiy stream flows into it (Transbaikalia, Russia), to find out how wildfires change the post-pyrogenic soil properties in the intermontane depressions of North Transbaikalia. In 1994 and 2019 forest fires affected the soil. Studied soils were classified as gleysols of the permafrost subtype (Cryosols Reductaquic Pyric). All soils showed signs of pyrogenesis. Values of pHwater varied within the range of 3.9–5.1, pHKCl – varied from 3.5 to 4.9, and hydrolytic acidity varied from 3.3 to 4.5 cmol(+)/kg. Thus, the pyrogenic process did not impact the soil solution pH significantly. Total organic carbon content, which reached 8.7% in post-pyrogenic soil horizons, probably increased as a result of vegetation combustion. Soils have a lot of particles with sizes between 0.01% and 0.025 mm (more than 35%), and after the fire, the post-pyrogenic horizons lose most of the fine particles (<0.01 mm). The leaching of Si, Al, Sr, Zr, and Rb is an explicit indication of wildfire transformation. The radial differentiation coefficients of macroelements were 0.5–0.7 (Al) and 0.7–0.9 (Si) in the soil profiles. Recently burnt soil horizons were characterized by the depletion of trace elements (RSr=0.2, RZr=0.2, RRb=0.8), however in the older post-pyrogenic horizon, oppositely, the strong accumulation of these trace elements was observed: RSr=4.0, RZr=7.7, RRb=3.1. These data will aid in determining the influence of pyrogenic factors on the physical and chemical characteristics of soils exposed to combustion. | ||||
| Keywords: physical and chemical soils properties, forest fires, post pyrogenic transformation, profile distributions |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-130-139 |
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The condition of tree stands in middle taiga Piceetum myrtillosum on automorphic soils in the plots affecting by aerotechnogenic pollution from the timber industry complex (the Komi Republic) |
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| A.V. Manov, E.A. Robakidze | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| The authors accessed the effect of aerotechnogenic emissions from the pulp-and-paper plant of the Syktyvkar timber industry complex on the condition of spruce stands. Carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, inorganic dust, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and mercaptans are the main pollutants. By the radial growth dynamics of spruce stem wood we identified the development trend of forest stands affected by the long-term technogenic impact. The old-growth blueberry spruce forests located at distances of 4, 5, 11, 24, 50 km from the emission source in the direction of prevailing winds were studied. The vitality of spruce forest stands has been analyzed via visual evaluation of tree crowns at the sample plots. The studied spruce stands are ‘healthy’ with initial weakening signs which slightly intensify towards the discharge chimneys of the enterprise. the impact of aerotechnogenic emissions from pulp-and-paper production on the radial increment of spruce stem wood was assessed by the tree-ring indication methods. The study by this methods has utilized wood samples (cores) taken from trunks of old-growth spruce trees within sample plots. Finally, we have identified the increased radial growth of spruce in the impact zone. At distances longer than 11 km from the air pollution source, the radial growth of spruce stem wood resists relatively stable from the very beginning of the timber industry enterprise (from 1969 to the present). The increase in radial growth of spruce trees is associated to the time when the enterprise attained its installed capacity in the late 1980s. This was followed by a long-time decrease in radial growth of trees. This period is characterized by a production decline due to the deterioration of the financial situation in Russia during the 1990s and production modernization from 2008 to 2018 which reduced gas and dust emissions of the enterprise. | ||||
| Keywords: life condition, destruction, tree-ring indication, aerotechnogenic pollution, pulp and paper production, stem wood radial growth, Piceetum myrtillosum, middle taiga |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-073-083 |
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Specifics of the bottom biogeocenosis formation on tidal flats of the White Sea mesotidal estuaries |
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| I.V. Miskevich, N.M. Makhnovich, O.P. Netsvetaeva | ||||
| Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas |
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| We studied the peculiarities of bottom biogeocenoses formation on tidal flats of mesotidal estuaries (case-study of the Tamitsa River estuary in the Onega Bay of the White Sea). Mesotidal estuaries that dominate in the White Sea are characterized by extensive tidal flats and the highest tide of 1.7–2.8 m. Such habitats are currently very poorly understood. In May 2022, expedition works were carried out in the Tamitsa River estuary. Quantitative zoobenthos development parameters and organic matter content in benthic sediments identified by chemical oxygen demand were determined at five sites on the tidal flat. It is shown that the sorting of suspended sediments by hydraulic coarseness in the estuary water entails the formation of relatively narrow bands enriched or depleted in organic content. Such bands stretch along the shoreline and are confined to water levels close to low and high water of the tidal cycle. The characteristic width of bottom sediment bands enriched with organic matter with the presence of a large number of benthic animals is several meters. It depends largely on the difference in tidal magnitude during different phases of the moon-solar cycle. The extent of the above mentioned bands will depend on the geomorphology of the river mouth. If we focus on mesotidal estuaries of minor rivers of the White Sea, their characteristic length should be from several hundred meters to 1–3 km. Bivalves and polychaetes dominate in the bands with maximum biomass of benthic invertebrates, while crustaceans and some species of bivalves dominate in the zones with minimum biomass. It is recommended to take into account the possibility of accumulation of highly toxic pollutants, such as organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides, biphenyls and a number of heavy metals, in monitoring of bottom sediment pollution in tidal estuaries. | ||||
| Keywords: minor river, estuary, tidal flats, zoobenthos, chemical oxygen demand |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-105-110 |
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Assessment of the aquatic ecosystem status using the new integral age index |
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| I.V. Germashev, E.V. Derbisher, A.I. Novokshchyonova, V.E. Derbisher | ||||
| Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts |
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| Using an integral ecological indicator (index) of aquatic biocenoses calculated using fuzzy mathematics methods, the state of selected reservoirs in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain Natural Park of the Volgograd region was analyzed. Four-year observations of several reservoirs were taken as initial data. As a result of these data analysis, a fuzzy model was proposed that allows estimating changes in the succession age based on a number of aquatic plants indicators. The model relies on fuzzy numbers, which make it possible to take into account ncertainties and inaccuracies already during calculations; and for the obtained results, having a known level of uncertainty, to carry out their adequate interpretation. The originality of the research method lies in determining the age characteristics of phytocenoses of water bodies in fuzzy conditions using the index of the full succession age. Water quality assessment serves as the basis for information support for monitoring environmental changes occurring in natural and artificial aquatic biocenoses in order to take measures to reduce the degradation of water bodies. The proposed integral method for determining the age stages of succession of aquatic biocenoses, together with laboratory and (or) field studies, allows for a quantitative analysis of environmental situations, building mathematical models of them. The above method can be a computational element for monitoring changes in the ecological state of water bodies. The proposed integral approach has a universal character and can be used to solve environmental problems related to the analysis of results expressed in fuzzy numbers. | ||||
| Keywords: biocenosis, reservoir, the age stage of succession, water quality, monitoring, fuzzy model |
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| Article published in number 1 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-040-048 |
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Biotic factors’ potential in controlling the spread of Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. (review) |
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| T.Ya. Ashikhmina, T.A. Adamovich, E.V. Tovstik | ||||
| Section: Theoretical problems of ecology |
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| This review examines natural pests, competitors of the Heracleum sosnowsky. Special attention is paid to the role of mutualism in the invasiveness of hogweed. the parsnip yellow spot virus, larvae of the weevil (Lixus iridis (Olivier, 1807)), agromyzid flies (Phytomyza pastinacae (Hendel, 1923)), umbrella moth (Epermenia chaerophyllella (Goeze, 1783)), scoops (Dasypolia temple (Thunberg, 1792)), depressariids (Depressaria radiella (Goeze, 1783)), celery fly (Euleia heraclei (Linnaeus, 1758)), lamellate beetles (Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761)), caterpillars of the Kamchatka Swallowtail (Papilio machaon (Linnaeus, 1758)) significantly damaged Heracleum sosnowsky. Thrips vulgatissimus (Haliday, 1836) feeds on the sap, while Lixus iridis eat leaves and stems of the above mentioned hogweed. Phoma complanate (Tode) (=Calophoma complanate) is a phytopathogenic fungi that damage Heracleum sosnowsky. Powdery mildew, ascochitosis and cylindrosporosis are most common fungal diseases of the giant hogweed. Shellfish farming and livestock grazing curb the spread of hogweed. Due to the lack of competition in the environment, the importance of its artificial creation is discussed. The fast-growing perennial grasses create dense turf that prevents germinating of hogweed seeds. Poa pratensis L., Alopecurus pratensis L., Bromus inermis Leyss., Festuca rubra L., Phlum pratense L., Lolium perenne L., Helianthus tuberosus L., and Galega orientalis Lam. are among them. Replacement crops, such as Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Pinus sylvestris L., can compete in vacant lots and abandoned lands. The success of the hogweed populations introduction depends on the presence of pollinators, the spread of its seeds by animals and humans; symbiosis with fungi and bacteria. The possibility of limiting the spread of hogweed through the absence of species that improve its adaptability is discussed. It was concluded that biological control agents are promising to use and additional studies is needed to reduce the number of Heracleum sosnowsky and eliminate negative consequences for the environment. | ||||
| Keywords: biological control agents, viruses, insects, phytopathogenic fungi, competition, perennial grasses, replacement crops |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-006-014 |
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Integrated recycling of catalyst waste into composite materials |
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| S.L. Fuchs, S.V. Devyaterikova | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
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| The steam conversion of natural gas produces carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Hydrogen is used in the synthesis of ammonia and nitric acid. These products are used to obtain ammonium nitrate, which is used as a nitrogen fertilizer and a base substance for explosives. Natural gas is decomposed on the nickel catalyst. Due to the reactions of methane and carbon monoxide reduction to carbon, the catalyst granules are covered with a layer of carbon. Finely dispersed carbon penetrates the pores of the carrier and forms a layer on its surface that shields the catalyst granules and reduces its efficiency. The catalyst must be replaced. In Russia, the most common catalysts are nickel-based aluminum oxide catalysts. Attempts to restore the catalyst waste to its original characteristics do not yield positive result. In this regard, an urgent task is the development of technologies for the extraction and purification of components of spent catalysts. The object of the research was cylindrical granules of spent GIAP–8 catalyst, consisting of a porous carrier γ-Al2O3 with nickel oxide applied to its surface, covered with a layer of carbon. During the decomposition of GIAP–8 catalyst waste, three components were isolated: aluminum oxide, ultrafine carbon powder and nickel salts. Aluminum oxide was used to create plastic-based composites. The resulting plastic–aluminum oxide composite material has high impact strength, but is destroyed at a bending angle of 45–35 degrees. Therefore, its use can only be recommended for the manufacture of massive products. The nickel salts were used to prepare the plating electrolyte, aluminum oxide was used to obtain a coating of “nickel–aluminum oxide”. The maximum aluminum oxide content in the coating was achieved at 25 g/L dispersed phase concentration in the electrolyte. The optimal cathode current density was 2–3 A/dm2. | ||||
| Keywords: catalyst, waste, nickel, aluminum oxide, composite materials and coatings |
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| Article published in number 4 for 2024 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2024-4-122-128 |
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36, Moskovskya street, Kirov, 610000, Editorial Board "Theoretical and Applied Ecology." Phone/fax: (8332) 37-02-77 e-mail: envjournal@vyatsu.ru The journal was founded in 2007 |
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