ISSN 1995-4301(Print)
ISSN 2618-8406
(Online)
Current issues:
Online version of the journal
|
Select viewing optionsDiversity of active bacterial communities in the disposal sites of liquid waste of a chemical enterprise |
||||
| I.G. Shirokikh, N.A. Bokov, E.V. Dabakh, L.V. Kondakova, T.Ya. Ashikhmina | ||||
| Section: Population ecology |
||||
| The composition and taxonomic structure of the phylum Actinobacteria were studied on the example of technosols formed on the territory of the former tailings of liquid waste of a chemical enterprise in the floodplain of the Vyatka River. The diversity of actinobacteria in soil samples taken from three spatially remote monitoring sites (SG, SU1 and SU2), differing in the complex of physico-chemical properties and the nature of the vegetation cover, was studied. The results were compared with the background soil (BS) – alluvial soil selected on the territory of the Nurgush State Nature Reserve. The studies were carried out using high-performance sequencing using Illumina technology and the culture method (seeding). The culture method revealed representatives of the genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Streptosporangium and a number of oligospore forms in the actinobacterial complexes. The total number of actinomycetes in the samples of technosols varied from 2.4·104 to 1.8·105 CFU/g, and in the background soil was 8.5·103 CFU/g. Families of actinomycetes established by the seeding method were also detected using the amplicon sequencing of the V4 section of the 16S rRNA gene, but the molecular method made it possible to identify a number of other taxa in the studied samples, including those that do not have cultured representatives or are not yet classified. Using amplicon sequencing, it was found that representatives of the phylum Actinobacteria in samples of technogenically disturbed soils are absolute dominants in relative abundance in the total bacterial diversity. The proportion of actinobacteria in disturbed soils ranges from 33 to 41%, while in the background soil it is only 22%. Actinobacteria in the samples of technosols were represented by the families Micromonosporaceae, Micrococcaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Thermomonosporaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, Actinosynnemataceae, and Intrasporangiaceae, etc. The taxonomic spectrum of actinobacteria in the BS sample was similar to technosols, but the proportion of taxa was different. The results obtained will be used in further studies of soil actinobiota in connection with changes in ecosystems disrupted by human economic activity, and are also of interest for the search and isolation of natural strains of actinobacteria for biotechnology purposes. | ||||
| Keywords: chemical production waste, technosols, actinobacteria, actinomycetes, diversity, taxonomic structure |
||||
   |
||||
| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-174-183 |
||||
|
||||
Thermal disposal of waste oils |
||||
| V.V. Semenov, V.I. Zhdanov, I.A. Sinyukov, M.V. Grafkina | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
||||
| Pollution of the environment with petroleum products is a serious environmental problem. There are several ways to dispose of used oils: regeneration, burial and incineration. The burning of waste oils is widespread both in Russia and abroad. One of the significant disadvantages of the method is the entry of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The results of research on the development of a more advanced installation of thermal utilization of waste oils, ensuring the completeness of combustion and reduction of harmful emissions, are presented. The unit for thermal disposal of waste oils consists of a furnace and an emulsion nozzle.
The furnace from the furnace chamber and the afterburning chamber of the flue gas provides two-zone, two-stage oil gorenje. Oil is burned in the combustion chamber (1st gorenje zone with t ≈ 600–700 оC). Then the smoke enters the afterburning chamber, where it is completely burned due to the supply of additional air (2nd gorenje zone with t ≈ 1200–1300 оC), due to the increase in temperature, toxic substances contained in the smoke are transformed into harmless due to their complete oxidation. The emulsion nozzle consists of intersecting grooves, which, when air and heated oil are fed into it, provide finely dispersed oil spraying by forming gas-liquid vortices in the oncoming grooves. Using the ANSYS program, the calculation of the flame angle of the emulsion nozzle was carried out. It is established that to change the range of the spraying torch and the use of emulsion nozzles in furnaces of different volume and power, it is necessary to change the angle of the screw direction. This research contributes to the development of the industry of processing of production and consumption waste. The proposed solution allows the installation to be used not only in industrial centers where significant volumes of waste oils accumulate, but also in sparsely populated areas, and also ensures the completeness of combustion of oil waste and reduces the negative impact on the environment. |
||||
| Keywords: thermal utilization, waste oils, two-phase gorenje, furnace chamber, afterburning chamber, emulsion nozzle, spray torch |
||||
| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-085-090 |
||||
|
||||
Modeling as a tool for soil transformation forecasting under technogenic salinization |
||||
| P.Sh. Sairanova, E.A. Khayrulina, N.V. Mitrakova, N.V. Poroshina | ||||
| Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts |
||||
| The problem of soil salinization is relevant not only for agricultural areas but also for mining, where brines enter the surface as formation water or runoff from sludge storage facilities and salt dumps of mining enterprises. Currently, there is little elaboration of assessment and lack of normative support (MPC, APC) for assessment of technogenic salinisation of soils. The aim of this research is to develop a mathematical model for predicting the transformation of soils affected by technogenic salinization. The research focuses on soils in three types of landscapes, namely eluvial, transitional, and alluvial, located in the area of technogenic salinization. To develop the model, information-logical analysis and soil indicators were employed. These indicators were determined by standard methods. According to the information-logical analysis the sodium adsorption coefficient is the dominant factor of soils’ salinity; descending further: calcium ion content, sulfates content in the soil water extract and the calculated indicators (∆pH and pH) of the salt extract. The model showed that the highest amount of toxic salts is observed when pHKCl ranges from 5.3 to 7.4, sulfate content is above 500 mg/kg, calcium content is above 1000 mg/kg, SAR is above 10, and ∆pH is below 0.5. These indicator values correspond to alluvial soils found in small river valleys; these soils are highly prone to transformation. Using the obtained information-logical model and soil indicators, it is possible to make a forecast of soil transformation under technogenic salinization. | ||||
| Keywords: information-logical analysis, technogenic salinization, modeling, soil salinization forecast |
||||
| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-052-060 |
||||
|
||||
Development of the methodology for calculating the standards of permissible discharge of liquid industrial wastes taking into account regional peculiarities of water bodies |
||||
| Y.A. Tunakova, S.V. Novikova, V.S. Valiev, E.V. Baibakova | ||||
| Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts |
||||
| The problem of regulating the discharge of liquid wastes into water bodies is the most urgent task and is carried out on the basis of establishing standards of permissible discharge (SPD). Many authors note that the key problem of setting the SPD is the use of maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) as threshold values, determined without taking into account regional peculiarities of formation of natural water composition and its ability to dilute wastewater. We have proposed the development of the methodology for calculating SPD, based on the condition that ensuring the disposal of liquid wastes at the level of permissible discharge standards will not lead to a change in the water quality class determined using the specific combinatorial index of water pollution (SCIWP). In the previous publication we have substantiated territorial threshold concentrations (TTC) based on the analysis of long-term data sets of hydrochemical observations, which allow us to take into account regional features of the geochemical background of water bodies, including the content of substances of dual genesis. They also implicitly allow taking into account hydrological and hydrochemical factors that ensure the ability of natural waters to dilute liquid waste effluents. The obtained TTCs are proposed to be used for calculation of permissible concentrations of substances in wastewater instead of MAC. SPD is established by cyclic iteration of TTC values by 10%, with parallel calculation of SCIWP, until the index is transferred to another water quality class. This paper presents the results of approbation of the proposed development of the methodology of SPD calculation for liquid waste from Оpen JSC “Kazan Synthetic Rubber Plant” discharged into the Volga River. The obtained calculation results make more stringent requirements to the value of SPD for substances mainly of anthropogenic origin. For some substances of dual genesis, the value of SPD was higher, which allows us to make more adequate requirements to water users for treatment of sewage effluents. | ||||
| Keywords: liquid industrial waste, discharge, water bodies, regional peculiarities, threshold concentrations, standards of permissible discharge, calculation |
||||
| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-070-077 |
||||
|
||||
Kinetic characteristics of the regenerative utilization process of the spent solution after chemical nickel plating |
||||
| M.A. Shumilova, N.E. Suksin | ||||
| Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts |
||||
| Galvanic production in terms of the degree of negative impact on the environment occupies a leading position in the global industrial production; therefore, the introduction of regenerative recycling technology is receiving increasing attention. The aim of the present work is to determine the kinetic characteristics of the precipitation reaction in a solution of nickel sulfate with sodium hydroxide to develop a technology for the regeneration utilization of spent solutions
of chemical nickel plating (SCNPS).
The object of the study was the spent solution of chemical nickel plating of one of the industrial enterprises of Izhevsk. The experiment was carried out in the temperature range 293–333 K at various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (1.25–2.60 M) and nickel sulfate (0.037–0.06 M). To determine the order of the reaction, we plot graphs in the coordinates lg w – lg C(Ni) using the experimental data, where w is the reaction rate. The tangent of the slope of the obtained linear dependences with a high degree of approximation (R2 = 0.98) is close to 2, therefore, the order of the reaction of the deposition of SCNPS with sodium hydroxide is second. With a graphical method for determining the rate constant of a second-order reaction for the dependence 1/С = f(t), the tangent of the slope of the straight line corresponds to the calculated parameter. In the investigated temperature range the rate constant takes values from 5·10-4 to 9·10-4 dm3·mol-1·s-1. The activation energy of the precipitation reaction, determined by the Arrhenius equation by graphic and calculation methods, is 16.57 kJ·mol-1 and 16.44 kJ·mol-1, respectively. The low values of Ea indicate a weak dependence of the reaction rate on temperature. Consequently, the introduction of the technology for the regeneration utilization of SCNPS will not entail large expenditures of energy resources for heating the reaction masses. |
||||
| Keywords: spent chemical nickel plating solution, sodium hydroxide, reaction order, reaction rate constant, activation energy |
||||
| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-044-051 |
||||
|
||||
Utilization of industrial wastes for sorption of toxic gases |
||||
| S.L. Fuks, S.V. Devyaterikova | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
||||
| The purification of exhaust gases of some industries by solid wastes of other enterprises is promising and up-to-date in environmental protection. This paper presents the research results on purification of waste gases from ammonia and benzene by wastes from thermal power engineering (fly ash) and chemical industry (secondary polytetrafluoroethylene).
Operation of heat power industry plants, which are powered by bituminous coal, results in producing fly ash which is to be stored in special ash ponds. Ash ponds occupy large areas and significantly burden the local ecosystem. Using ash in building, sound-absorbing, and heat insulating materials’ production reduces the volumes of ahs ponds. Fly ash can be used as a base for heterogeneous catalysts. Fly ash can also be used in zeolite production and for soil structure improvement. A number of studies provide positive results of wastewater treatment from oil products and heavy metal ions, as well as absorption of air sulfur(IV) oxide. We propose fly ash using as a sorbent for ammonia adsorbing from exhaust gases in nitric acid and nitrogen fertilizers production. The adsorbate can be applied as a fertilizer for acid soils. Secondary polytetrafluoroethylene is a co-product of polytetrafluoroethylene production. It can be converted into ultradisperse powder with particle sizes of 0.20–1.35 µm by method of exhaustive fluoridation; the powder applies to a sponge material. The resulting sorbent can be used to extract benzene vapors from the exhaust gases of industries using benzene, for example, as a solvent. Compared to activated carbon, the developed sorbent effectively removes benzene vapors from exhaust gases. Over time, the purification efficiency of heated gases decreases to almost zero. Presumably this is due to liquid benzene fraction condensation on the sorbent surface. |
||||
| Keywords: fly ash, polytetrafluoroethylene, activated carbon, adsorption, ammonia, benzene |
||||
  |
||||
| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-110-117 |
||||
|
||||
Russian-Myanmar cooperation in training national personnel in higher education institutions |
||||
| Hein Thu Aung, D.O. Lemeshev, A.V. Morzhukhin, А.V. Kolesnikov, V.A. Brodsky, I.V. Eremin | ||||
| Section: Information |
||||
| This article informs about the friendship and cooperation between the two countries of Russia and Myanmar in the field of international state diplomatic relations, military-technical cooperation and development in the field of training national personnel for the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in higher educational institutions of Russia. The article describes the achievements of MUCTR students from Myanmar in the direction of solving environmental problems in water purification, water treatment, industrial ecology and environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. | ||||
| Keywords: Russia, Myanmar, cooperation, water treatment, water preparation, in higher educational institutions |
||||
 |
||||
| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: - |
||||
|
||||
Study of the efficiency of water treatment from ammonium ions by a calcined sorbent from ash-and-slag waste |
||||
| T.G. Korotkova, A.M. Zakolyukina, S.A. Bushumov | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
||||
| Experimental studies of sorption on water treatment from ammonium ions by a calcined sorbent based on ash-and-slag waste from thermal power engineering have been carried out. The calcined sorbent was obtained by calcining samples of ash-and-slag from coal combustion at the Novocherkassk State District Power Plant at a temperature of 600 оC for 30 min. The sorption capacity of a sorbent with a dose of 2.0 g per 50 mL of a model solution, a stirrer speed of 200 rpm, pH 7, and sorption time from 10 to 180 minutes was studied. The influence of the initial concentration of model solutions with the content of ammonium ions 5, 20, 50 and 100 mg/L on the amount of adsorption and treatment efficiency was studied. The highest treatment efficiency of 60% was obtained for an initial concentration of ammonium ions in a solution of 20 mg/L. Processing of experimental data was carried out according to the models of pseudo-first, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetics. The best description of the experimental data was obtained using the pseudo-first order model, which has the highest value of the coefficient of determination. The adsorption equilibrium in the system ammonium ions – calcined sorbent was studied for the initial concentration of ammonium ions in solution: 5, 20, 30, 50, 100, 200, 300 mg/L. Processing of experimental data on equilibrium was carried out on the basis of two-parameter adsorption isotherms: Langmuir, Freindlich and Temkin. The value of the coefficient of determination according to the Langmuir isotherm is the largest R2 = 0.9904. Dependences between the cleaning efficiency at adsorption equilibrium and the initial concentration of ammonium ions in solution for the system ammonium ions – calcined sorbent are obtained. With an increase in the initial concentration of ammonium ions in the solution, the treatment efficiency at low initial concentrations increases, and decreases with increasing concentration. | ||||
| Keywords: treatment efficiency, ammonium ion, sorbent, ash-and-slag waste |
||||
| Link | ||||
| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-099-109 |
||||
|
||||
Comprehensive study of the content of biologically active substances in the destruction products of bark-wood waste generated during long-term storage |
||||
| T.I. Shirshova, I.V. Beshley, K.G. Ufimtsev | ||||
| Section: Ecologization of industry |
||||
| The study of the content of biologically active substances in the samples of the bark-wood waste destruction products (BWW) was continued. BWW were taken at a depth of 1 to 27 meters of the bark dump of OJSC Syktyvkar LDK, located in the Forestry microdistrict of Syktyvkar. The hexane-soluble substances content is in ranges from 0.78 to 1.89% of the dry mass of BWW. The minimum content was found in the first (0.24%) and last samples (0.21%) at the minimum and maximum depth, the maximum – in samples at a depth of 3 to 9 m (1.66–1.89%). The variation of the hexane extract (HE) content in BWW’s dry mass depending on the depth of occurrence is not clear.
The HE content in the dry ethyl acetate extract is mainly within 50%. The minimum content was found in the first sample at a depth of up to 1.5 m (34.9%), the maximum in the last sample at a depth of 27.0 m, where it reaches 66% of the dry weight of the ethyl acetate extract. The analysis of the obtained hexane extracts by thin-layer chromatography showed that the HE contains substances with a mobility coefficient of 0.61, which coincide with dihydroquercetin and some phenolic acids previously detected in ethyl acetate extracts. Six phenolic compounds were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography in hexane extracts. Protocatechic acid, vanillic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid and its cis isomer were identified by chromatographic and spectral characteristics. |
||||
| Keywords: bark and wood waste, ethyl acetate extracts, hexane extracts, flavonoids, quercetin, dihydroquercetin, phenolic acids |
||||
| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-091-098 |
||||
|
||||
Application of microbial biotechnologies to eliminate residues of herbicides of imidazolinone and sulfonylurea classes in soil (review) |
||||
| O.V. Kolotova, E.E. Nefedieva, I.R. Gribust, E.A. Sukhova, E.A. Zvada, V.V. Sheveleva | ||||
| Section: Theoretical problems of ecology |
||||
| The review is devoted to the problems of application of modern imidazolinone and ulfonylurea herbicides, as well as to the researches in the field of microbial iotechnology for remediation of contaminated soils. Data on the traits of the influence of residual amounts of herbicides from the classes of imidazolinones and sulfonylureas on target and subsequent crops in crop rotations are given in the article. The problems of monitoring of herbicide residues due to the variety of properties of components and decomposition mechanisms in the soil are shown. Ecological aspects of the influence of imidazolinones and sulfonylureas on soil microbiota and non-target organisms are considered. The results of studies of the biodegradation pathways of herbicide components, as well as conditions that contribute to the acceleration of destructive processes, are presented. The relevance of the search for microorganisms-destructors of imidazolinones and sulfonylureas for the production of biological products is substantiated. Microorganisms of different genera, such as Rhodococcus, Rahnella, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Methylopila, Ancylobacter, Hansschlegelia, Klebsiella, and Arthrobacter, possess destructive potential against imidazolinones and sulfonylureas. The current data on the development of biological products to eliminate residues of imidazolinones and sulfonylureas in soils to reduce the phytotoxic effect are given. | ||||
| Keywords: herbicides, imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, soil microflora, biodestruction, microorganisms, biological products, soil remediation |
||||
| Article published in number 4 for 2023 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-016-027 |
||||
|
Pages: previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
|||||
|
36, Moskovskya street, Kirov, 610000, Editorial Board "Theoretical and Applied Ecology." Phone/fax: (8332) 37-02-77 e-mail: envjournal@vyatsu.ru The journal was founded in 2007 |
||||||
