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Methods of restoring lands disturbed by drill cuttings disposal: current approaches review |
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A.A. Perevoshchikova, R.D. Perevoshchikov, A.A. Surkov, L.V. Rudakova |
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Section: Theoretical problems of ecology
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This review explores the issue of surface placement of drill cuttings waste (DC) and its environmental consequences. Special focus is given to the DC detrimental effects on soils and methods for disturbed lands restoring. The DC contains oil and oil products (up to 7%), mineral salts (up to 16.8%), and heavy metal compounds (up to 6%). The risk of environmental pollution arises from the low-hazard nature of the DC components. However, the water-soluble salts ions (chlorides, sulfates, sodium) can greatly affect the environment, while petroleum products and heavy metals have less effect. DC pollution leads to disturbance of the ecological balance in the soil biocenosis, vegetation depression and landscape transformation. The challenge of restoring lands affected by DC disposal is the most urgent for Western Siberia. Therefore, this review examines various approaches to such lands restoration. The methods involve the mineral additives as well as humic-mineral ameliorants applying, leveling layers and sowing perennial crop seeds, the production of man-made soil followed by the phytomeliorant plants sowing, sorbents and geotubes application, as well as biological methods implementation. The drawbacks of the above mentioned approaches include economic inefficiency and transport inaccessibility in the supply of certain materials and resources. However, the creation of artificial soils through biological methods in conjunction with mineral fertilizers and sandy soil facilitates the initiation of soil-forming processes, ultimately alleviating the anthropogenic burden on the environment and restoring disturbed lands and ecosystems with minimal financial cost. Thus, DC can be a mineral soil-forming rock for the development of “young” soils and the formation of stable phytocenoses, since it contains trace elements necessary for plants, and is based on an aluminosilicate material
on which most natural soils are formed. |
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Keywords: oil production, drilling fluid waste, disturbed areas, reclamation, soil formation
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Article published in number 4 for 2025
DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-4-018-027 |
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Application of magnetite nanoparticles for tungsten extraction from aqueous solutions |
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N.V. Podvalnaya, Yu.A. Bakhteeva, M.S. Filinkova, I.V. Medvedeva, V.T. Surikov, I.V. Byzov |
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Section: Ecologization of industry
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Magnetite nanoparticles Fe3O4 synthesized by chemical precipitation were used for the magnetic extraction of tungsten(VI) ions (CW0=0.5 mg/L) from aqueous solutions. At the first stage, tungsten ions were sorbed by magnetite particles. Then the sorbent was removed from aqueous solutions by magnetic filtration. We studied the pH of the solution, Fe3O4 concentration, and the contact time between the target ions and the added MNP effect on the efficiency of tungsten ions magnetic extraction from aqueous solutions. The tungsten removal was strongly dependent on pH of the aqueous solution. The magnetic extraction maximum value (0.0005 mg/L) was observed at pH 5, 20 mg/L magnetite concentration and within 1 hour contact time. The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe3O4 was 270 mg/g at pH 5. The obtained value of adsorption capacity is 6 times higher than that known in the literature for other sorbents. This is probably due to the MNP large specific surface area. It was shown that tNaCl addition did not significantly change the efficiency of tungsten ions extraction, as well as Na2SO4 presence in aqueous solution the extraction efficiency. These results can be explained by a change in the MNP surface charge in the presence of anions in aqueous solutions. This method of tungsten(VI) ions magnetic extraction from aqueous solutions satisfies to modern principles of “green technologies” and ensures effectiveness and simplicity of implementation. |
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Keywords: magnetite, tungsten ions, water purification, adsorption, magnetic separation
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Article published in number 4 for 2025
DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-4-114-122 |
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Changes in the biomass of ground vegetation after clear-cuts of coniferous-deciduous stands (middle taiga, Komi Republic) |
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D.A. Severgina, S.R. Krasikov, A.F. Osipov, A.A. Dymov |
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Section: Monitoring of natural and anthropogenically disturbed areas
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Ground vegetation is an important indicator of the environment status and perform a number of significant ecosystem functions, including in the process of reforestation. However, the dynamics of the woody vegetation biomass state is of the main attention, while the lower tiers often remain underestimated. The article presents the analysis of changes in the aboveground biomass of ground vegetation in the first years after clear-cutting of a coniferous-deciduous stand (blueberry-green moss type). We found an increase in the average aboveground biomass of ground vegetation on slightly disturbed skidding trails from 155±32 g/m2 to 222±38 g/m2 in the first year after logging and up to 799±159 g/m2 in the third year after logging. Structural changes in the contribution of individual components to the total reserves caused by active overgrowing of the clearing with herbaceous plants (cereals) and a decrease in the share of sciophytes. The number of logging equipment passes does not have a reliable effect on the ground vegetation biomass. However, we revealed the differences in the mass and structure of the ground vegetation in the ruts and intertrack spaces of the hauling routes. The data obtained expand the existing information on the ecological role of lower-tier plants in clearings. It will find application in characterizing the response of the cycle of substances and assessing the restoration of taiga forests after clear-cutting, including under changing climate conditions. |
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Keywords: middle taiga, biomass, clear-cutting, ground vegetation, mixed coniferous-deciduous stand
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Article published in number 4 for 2025
DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-4-076-082 |
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Cultivation patterns of microscopic algae under carbon dioxide biofixation conditions |
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A.S. Solovyova, E.S. Belik, L.V. Rudakova |
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Section: Agroecology
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The decarbonization strategy implemented in enterprises of the Russian Federation necessitates the development and scientific validation of appropriate technological solutions. One promising approach to utilising carbon dioxide emissions is the microalgae cultivation. This approach is based on the ability of some microalgae species to actively increase their biomass and sequester carbon dioxide when the the above gas content in the air increases. The article presents the results of experimental studies on cultivation of four consortia of microscopic algae in a gas medium with increased carbon dioxide content. These consortia were grown in the laboratory and isolated from the environment. Microalgae were cultivated under continuous CO2 infusion, gradually increasing the concentration from 5 to 15%. The experiment yielded CO2 concentrations that favoured rapid biomass growth for each of the four cultures tested. The highest average growth rates were observed: at a CO2 concentration of 5% in a culture isolated from a eutrophic freshwater pond containing the green microalgae of various genera, including Chlorella spp. (0.01230±0.00015 units of optical density per day), and at a CO2 concentration of 10% in a culture isolated from conifer lichens consisting of the microalga Chlorella spp. and filamentous fungi (0.0157±0.0007 units of optical density per day). The number of cells in the culture of microalgae isolated from a eutrophic freshwater pond grew particularly fast in the presence of 5% carbon dioxide. After 66 days, the optical density of the culture had increased by more than 9 times. In the remaining cultures, after 102 days, in an atmosphere with carbon dioxide content ranging from 5% to 15%, the optical density increased 2 to 3 times. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of microalgae for carbon dioxide utilisation. |
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Keywords: carbon dioxide utilisation, biofixation, microalgae, Chlorella
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Article published in number 4 for 2025
DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-4-169-178 |
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Sorption of copper ions from water by bentonite clays |
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V.A. Somin, L.V. Kurtukova, L.F. Komarova |
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Section: Ecologization of industry
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The traditional method of removing metal compounds from water is sorption, based on the use of various materials of both natural and artificial origin, which must be available, have high mechanical strength, the ability to regenerate multiple times, and resistance to aggressive environments. An important role in choosing a sorbent is played by selectivity and the value of the maximum sorption, the determination of which is carried out experimentally. Sorbents of natural origin include bentonite clays, which were studied by the authors in these studies. The results of studies on the sorption of copper ions on bentonite clays of the Desyaty Khutor deposit (Khakassia) grades 5.1 and 6.9 are presented. Native bentonite of both grades was washed with distilled water to remove large impurities, after which the suspension was settled and separated by density into a lower and upper layer. The layers were separated, then they were activated with a 5% solution of sodium bicarbonate. After that, the obtained activated bentonites of each grade were dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 105 оС. It was revealed that the bentonite layers exhibit different copper sorption abilities and are characterized by different nature of the processes occurring on them. The studies were carried out on model copper sulfate solutions. It was revealed that soda activation increases the sorption capacity of native bentonite grade 5.1 by 1.6 times (from 50 to 80 mg/g) for the upper layer and by 1.1 times for the lower layer. The sorption process is satisfactorily described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models for both native and modified bentonites, the Dubinin-Radushkevich model adequately describes sorption only on modified materials. Sorption of copper ions on the native sorbent and the activated lower layer is characterized as physical, while the chemisorption process occurs on the activated upper layer. The sorption capacity of bentonite activated by sodium hydroxide (upper layer) is 81–84 mg/g, which allows it to be used in the purification of copper-containing wastewater and thereby reduce the negative impact on surface water bodies. |
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Keywords: sorption, copper ions, bentonite clays, water treatment, pollution, heavy metals
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Article published in number 4 for 2025
DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-4-130-139 |
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Species-specific algicidal efficiency of nitrilo-tris(methylenephosphonato)zincate in the cooling water of thermal power plant |
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F.F. Chausov, M.A. Shumilova, P.A. Glushko, N.N. Pastukhova, V.A. Yakovlev, Z.Z. Timerbaeva, R.V. Mustakimov |
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Section: Ecologization of industry
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Waste of the zinc-contain galvanic solutions generated at a large number of industrial enterprises is one of the most dangerous ecotoxicants. The paper presents the results of testing the corrosion, salt deposition and biofouling inhibitor Na4[Zn{N(CH2PO3)3}]·13H2O, obtained from galvanizing plants waste, for algicidal activity against Chrysococcus rufescens, Nitzschia biacrula and Melosira varians. In the river water sample, single algal cells of two species were found: Cyclotella menenginiana and Chrysococcus rufescens. In water samples from the circulating cooling system, the number of algal cells significantly exceeded the number of cells in the river water. After the inhibitor was introduced, a decrease in the diversity of Bacillariophyceae species from 18 to 9 was observed, as well as a decrease in the total number of algae. Melosira varians and N. biacrula remained dominant species, but their number decreased by 2 times. After 3 days of inhibition, the total content of algae decreased by 17.4%. It has been established the studied reagent has the greatest algicidal activity to C. rufescens: a 65% decrease in the number of cells was recorded within three days of the reagent action with a concentration of 5 mg/dm3. It was determined that iron and copper in the river water and in the cooling system remained virtually unchanged, which confirms the properties of the studied complex as a corrosion inhibitor. The ability to use one reagent instead of several commonly used ones (corrosion inhibitor, antiscale agent and bactericide) without reducing the efficiency of water treatment allows for a reduction in the costs of maintaining the water chemistry regime of the thermal power plant’s circulating cooling system. |
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Keywords: nitrilo-tris(methylenephosphonato)zincate, spent zinc galvanic solution, algaecides
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Article published in number 4 for 2025
DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-4-148-152 |
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Mathematical modeling and forecasting of the spread of pollutants in urbanized areas |
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P.A. Melnikov, A.V. Bolotin, D.A. Volkov, I.V. Petrov |
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Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts
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Air monitoring in large cities is a crucial task aimed at protecting public health and supporting the sustainable development of urban areas. High population density, intense traffic, and significant industrial activity in cities contribute to high levels of air pollution, leading to serious consequences for human health and the environment. This paper analyzes the experience of using monitoring network data generated by continuous sensors for monitoring suspended particles PM2.5 and PM10 and assesses the potential of using this data as a predictive action tool in the work of accredited laboratories of regulatory and supervisory authorities. Special attention is paid to the development of mathematical models describing aerosol systems dispersion processes in different hydrometeorological conditions. The application of these models makes it possible to predict changes in pollutant concentrations, forming a basis for preventive measures and reducing the risk of exposure to vulnerable population groups. The proposed approach allows regulatory authorities to promptly respond to the excess of standards, identify potential sources of pollution, and develop management solutions to improve the environmental situation. The proposed methodologies and analytical tools could serve as a basis for developing interactive maps of the environmental status. Public access to the above maps will enhance public trust in environmental control measures and encouraging citizen participation in efforts to improve environmental quality. These developments could also facilitate real-time monitoring of background pollutant levels, helping enterprises adjust their operations and plan production processes with environmental factors in mind, thereby reducing anthropogenic pressure on cities and surrounding areas. The research results were tested in Tolyatti and are used by a mobile environmental laboratory capable of analyzing atmospheric air across more than 50 parameters and accredited within the national accreditation system. |
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Keywords: atmospheric air, pollutants, monitoring, predictive analytics, simulation modeling
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Article published in number 4 for 2025
DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-4-028-036 |
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Installation for gasification of carbon-containing wastes |
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S.N. Saltykova, M.Yu. Nazarenko, R.V. Kozlov, A.D. Korshunov |
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Section: Ecologization of industry
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The process of carbonaceous materials gasification is especially relevant in Russia, where the volume of coal waste exceeds 120 million tons. A gasification installation for carbon-containing waste operating in the fixed-bed mode has been developed. Experiments on gasification of fine coal fraction samples (1–2 mm) were carried out using preheated air, a steam-air mixture, and air with added carbon dioxide as gasifying agents. The work used the methods of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and chromatographic analysis. Additions of water vapor and carbon dioxide made it possible to increase the heat of combustion and increase the gasification efficiency to 54%. The operating mode of the gas generator was determined, ensuring the production of synthesis gas with a calorific value of 3.6 MJ/nm3. It is shown that the highest efficiency of gas generation is achieved in the steam-air gasification mode with the addition of water vapor in the amount of 0.1 kg per 1 kg of coal and with the use of air as a gasifying agent with the addition of carbon dioxide in a volume ratio of 100:5. It is established that an increase in the addition of water vapor and carbon dioxide above the optimal amounts leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the gasification process. The process can use waste from various industries, including oil sludge, which determines its significance for the effective management of carbon-containing waste and for achieving broader environmental and economic goals. |
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Keywords: hard coal, carbon containing waste, gasification, fixed bed, gas generator, air blast, steam-air gasification, gasifying agent
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Article published in number 4 for 2025
DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-4-153-159 |
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Assessment of the calcium peroxide efficiency for removing phosphates from wastewater |
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T.S. Smirnova, D.A. Guskov, A.A. Alekseev |
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Section: Ecologization of industry
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The standard for the phosphate ions (phosphorus) content in the discharge of treated wastewater into surface water bodies was established in the Russian Federation only in 1991. This standard for treated wastewater disposal into fishery waters is 0.2 mg/L. According to numerous studies, the average concentration of phosphorus phosphates entering surface waters along with wastewater is about 1.57 mg/L. This value exceeds the established standard by more than 7 times. Due to the fact that phosphorus is the main biogenic element (along with carbon and nitrogen) its increased content can lead to eutrophication of the surface waters. Therefore, the search for effective solutions to the phosphate ions removal during wastewater treatment is relevant. The main methods for removing phosphate ions from wastewater are biological, chemical (reagent) methods and complex biological-chemical methods. Reagent methods are the most promising. At the same time, the adding of auxiliary reagents during wastewater treatment can lead to secondary pollution. Therefore, the search for new effective and safe reagents for phosphate ions removing from wastewater is a currently important research issue. The paper presents the results of a study on the possibility of using calcium peroxide to remove phosphate ions from domestic wastewater, case-study of Kolomna treatment facilities. The received efficiency of phosphate ions removing phosphate ions from wastewater using calcium peroxide was nearly 90%. The dependence of changes in the chemical oxygen demand value on the concentration of calcium peroxide in wastewater was also determined. |
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Keywords: calcium peroxide, wastewater treatment, phosphate ions, dephosphorization, reagent treatment
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Article published in number 4 for 2025
DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-4-123-129 |
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Comparison of multiple regression and multilayer perceptron models for mapping the surface distribution of dust in snow cover |
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A.S. Butorova, A.V. Shichkin, A.P. Sergeev, A.G. Buevich, E.M. Baglaeva |
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Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts
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Snow cover is an informative indicator of atmospheric air pollution since it accumulates and preserves pollutants coming from the atmosphere as part of precipitation. Modeling the surface distribution of pollutant content in snow cover involves selecting predictors that maximize the predictive ability of the models. The purpose of this study was to compare multiple regression and multilayer perceptron models for mapping the dust surface distribution in the snow cover in the southern part of Novy Urengoy (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia). The authors proposed applying to the selection of spatial variables a Land Use Regression (LUR) approach, which uses data on the relative positions of potential pollution sources and sampling sites to build a multiple linear regression model. To consider the nonlinear relationships between model predictors and dust concentration, a neural network model, a multilayer perceptron (MLP), was used. A total of four different models were tested: two LUR- and two MLP-based models. The MLP model with selected for the standard LUR model predictors and added coordinates of the sampling sites shows the best performance. The selected predictors contain spatial information about dust distribution. The added geographical coordinates made it possible to supplement the model with geostatistical information and improve its predictive ability. Finally, surface dust distribution maps were restored using four models and kriging. LUR and MLP models with spatial variables, which considered the location of potential pollution sources, produced dust distribution maps demonstrating the influence of these sources on surface distribution of dust accumulated in the snow cover. |
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Keywords: snow cover, dust content, surface distribution, mapping, land use regression, multilayer perceptron
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Article published in number 4 for 2025
DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-4-037-043 |
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ISSN 1995-4301
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