Плоды рябины (Sorbus L.) хорошо известны своими питательными и лечебными свойствами, часть из которых напрямую связана с высоким содержанием органических кислот. Антиоксидантная активность плодов рябины ассоциирована с фенолкарбоновыми кислотами, в то время как биологическая ценность её липидного комплекса определяется наличием в составе липидов незаменимых жирных кислот из рядов ω-3 и ω-6. Для раздельного определения высших карбоновых кислот и фенолкислот при их совместном присутствии в растительных материалах разработана экстракционно-хроматографическая методика, при реализации аналитического цикла которой происходит полное отделение соединений этих двух классов органических кислот. Идентификацию и количественное определение кислот проводят газохроматографическими методами с масс-селективным или пламенно-ионизационным детектором (ГХ-МС/ПИД). Апробация методики проведена на плодах разных видов и сортов рода Sorbus, широко представленных в научной коллекции Ботанического сада ИБ ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН. В экстрактах из плодов рябины методом ГХ-МС было идентифицировано 18 жирных и 7 фенольных кислот. Проведена сравнительная оценка антиоксидантной активности экстрактов плодов рябины различных видов и сортов. Выявлены образцы (S. aucuparia subsp. phuashanensis), сочетающие высокое содержание феруловой и кофейной кислот с выраженной антиоксидантной активностью. Разработанная методика определения органических кислот в растительных материалах может быть рекомендована для сопровождения селекционного процесса и направленного отбора растений для производства фитопрепаратов и биологически активных добавок.
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Сведения о финансировании:
Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания «Оценка влияния климатических условий Севера на процессы репродукции ресурсных растений» (№ 125021302139-3). Образцы плодов рябины получены из УНУ « Научная коллекция живых растений Ботанического сада Института биологии Коми НЦ УрО РАН» (№ 507428).
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