Identification of genetic determinants of antibiotic microbial resistance in areas affected by biogenic pollution
V.A. Kozvonin, N.V. Syrchina, L.V. Pilip, Т.I. Kutyavina, T. Ya. Ashikhmina, E.V. Koledaeva, S.A. Kuklin, T.S. Kokareva, A.N. Chastoedova, M.A. Vinogradova, A.A. Tanatarova, A.M. Grigoreva, S.P. Mikheeva
Section: Agroecology
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) in microorganisms (MO) is one of the most pressing issues in modern healthcare. The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of MO in various environments, including natural environments, is currently being actively studied. A comprehensive assessment of ABR is impossible without the use of molecular genetic methods. However, while a significant number of specialized reagent kits, materials, and equipment are available for isolating total MO DNA from environmental samples, ready-to-use, out-of-the-box test systems for amplifying DNA sequences are virtually nonexistent. However, commercial kits have been developed and are widely used to amplify the DNA of antibiotic-resistant MO strains in biological samples collected from humans (patients). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of adapting test systems used to detect ABR genes in MO isolated from humans to detect ABR genes in MO DNA samples isolated from environmental sources. The study found that laboratory kits manufactured by Litekh can be used to detect ABR genes in MO DNA samples obtained from soils and manure runoff. These laboratory kits detected resistance genes to tetracyclines (TetM), macrolides (ErmB, Mef), and cephalosporins (blaOXA10) in the soil and manure samples analyzed. Specific antibiotic resistance genes were detected in study sites experiencing biogenic pollution and were absent from control sites. The obtained results confirm a high degree of commonality between the ABR genes in MO isolated from OS and clinical MO strains isolated from humans. The identification of identical genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance (TetM, ErmB, Mef, blaOXA10) may indicate the existence of a single pool of ABR genes that moves between different ecological niches, the data indicate significant contamination of the environment with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in areas where livestock by-products are located and the need to organize a monitoring system for this phenomenon at these sites.
ISSN 1995-4301
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