Economic utilization of xylotrophic basidiomycetes: a review
Yu.A. Zlobina, A.A. Shirokikh, T.Ya. Ashikhmina
Section: Theoretical problems of ecology
The modern trend towards the use of biological raw materials and the development of unique technologies in demand in agriculture, ecology, materials science, medicine and pharmaceuticals has led to a rapid growth of interest in representatives of a special kingdom of living organisms - fungi. Fungi are one of the key biological resources that can be used to develop a wide range of environmentally friendly products with promising application possibilities. The review presents an analysis of modern achievements in the field of economic use of xylotrophic basidiomycetes, which are of great interest for sustainable nature management due to their ability to decompose lignocellulosic materials under the action of unique enzymatic systems, produce a wide range of metabolites with antimicrobial, antitumor, immunostimulating, neuroprotective and other valuable properties. White and brown rot fungi demonstrate high activity in the degradation of complex polymers, playing an important role in waste recycling and the creation of closed production cycles. The article considers promising areas of their application in the bioeconomy, including agriculture, food and pharmaceutical industries, materials science, and the production of biocomposite materials based on fungal mycelium. In agriculture, xylotrophic fungi are used to create biofertilizers that improve soil structure and increase its fertility. In the food industry, they are a valuable source of protein, vitamins, and minerals. In pharmaceuticals, basidiomycete metabolites have proven antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activity. Composites based on mycelium and plant waste are used in packaging, construction, and design furniture and interiors, reducing the environmental impact of plastic. The article analyzes the environmental aspects and economic benefits of the practical use of xylotrophic fungi in various sectors of the national economy and economics, and considers further prospects for the introduction of xylotrophic basidiomycetes in the context of solving current problems and sustainable development of society.
ISSN 1995-4301
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