Anionic toxicants’ effect on Viviparus viviparus L. hepatopancreas tissues
T.S. Droganova, A.A. Lazareva, L.V. Polikarpova, D.A. Areshidze, N.V. Vasiliev
Section: Ecotoxicology
The effect of elevated concentrations of anionic ecotoxicants (using nitrate and arsenate anions as an example) on the morphofunctional state of tissue and the activity of acid phosphatases (AсP) in the Viviparus viviparus L. hepatopancreas was studied. It was found that the phases of AcP activity after exposure to the nitrate and arsenate ions do not coincide with those in the control. Changes in the specific activity of acid phosphatase in the tissues of the hepatopancreas of mollusks were not accompanied by a change in the number of multiple forms and indicated a metabolic disorder in the animals studied. The latter was confirmed by an assessment of the tissues morphofunctional state. When exposed to nitrate anions, there are relatively small phases of increase and decrease in the specific activity of AcP (by 1.5 times compared to the control values). The enzyme activity remains above control values by 96 hours of exposure. Morphological changes are heterogeneous – some epithelial cells are necrotic, in some sites the epithelial cells are hypertrophied, vacuolated, but not destroyed. The exposure to arsenate anions leads to more pronounced tissue pathology (the nuclei of epithelial cells are at different stages of destruction, the tubules are deformed or destroyed, the stroma grows) and a significant change in enzyme specific activity, which does not stabilize even 30 days after the toxicant removal from the water. The AcP activity in V. viviparus can be a marker of toxic effects on living organisms in ecological and biochemical monitoring of freshwater pollution.
Keywords: ecological and biochemical monitoring, aquatic organisms, Viviparus viviparus, acid phosphatase, enzyme activity, multiple forms of enzymes, nitrate and arsenate anions, morphofunctional state
Article published in number 2 for 2026 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-174-182
ISSN 1995-4301
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