The metabolic profile of cyanobacterial communities of the arid zone
Yu.V. Bataeva, A.D. Bataeva
Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts
Cyanobacteria in the environment develop in communities with other microorganisms and synthesize a number of compounds to increase adaptive capability, adaptability, and ensure stability in unfavorable conditions. Cyanobacterial secondary metabolites include various compounds with cytotoxic, antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, herbicidal, antioxidant, and other properties. The composition of metabolites of cyanobacterial communities isolated from soil ecosystems of the Astrakhan region was studied in this work. To search for biotechnologically promising microorganisms cyanobacterial communities were isolated from soil ecosystems and plant rhizosphere using the culture enrichment method. The dominant edifiers of the identified soil cyanobacterial communities include filamentous and heterocystic forms of cyanobacteria: Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Anabaena, Nostoc. The content of ascorbic acid, glucose, nitrogen, and phosphorus was determined in the biomass of the studied cyanobacterial communities. The biologically active compound quercetin was detected by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Formic, propionic, fumaric, isocitric, lactic, acetic, and pyruvic acids were identified in aqueous-alcoholic extracts (50:50, 80:20, 20:80) of communities by high-performance liquid chromatography method. Formic acid was detected in all samples. The composition of low molecular weight organic compounds of a hexane extract of a soil community contain alkaloids (Reserpine, Buprenorphine, Yohimbine), flavonoids (Peonidin-3,5-diglucoside), and peptides (Cyclo(Gln-Trp-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met). Reserpine – 0.23% and yohimbine – 0.19% were found in the largest quantities. These compounds have bacteriostatic, fungicidal, antiviral, herbicidal, toxic effect. Producers such as cyanobacteria are attractive for biotechnology due to the presence of beneficial properties and the production of valuable metabolites.
Keywords: cyanobacteria, cyanobacterial communities, metabolites, extract, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, alkaloids, high performance thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography
Article published in number 2 for 2025 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2025-2-030-038
ISSN 1995-4301
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