Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts
At industrial enterprises, there are remnants of materials and raw materials that were formed during production and lost their initial properties. These materials are commonly referred to as man-made waste. The analysis of waste of hazard classes I and II from the list of Federal Classification Catalog of Waste showed that it is necessary to process such liquid waste as spent acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric), residues of alkaline reagents (potassium and sodium hydroxides), spent solutions for treating metal surfaces (phosphating, oxidation, degreasing, passivation, etching, etc.), spent electrolytes (nickel plating, galvanizing, cadmium, etc.), etc. A characteristic feature of this type of waste is a significant content of toxic ions of heavy metals, petroleum products, an increased salt background. The listed wastes are close to those that are formed in electroplating industries and in the production of inorganic materials. This made it possible to prepare proposals for technological solutions for the integrated processing of liquid waste of hazard classes I and II.
The paper presents the data of laboratory studies and industrial tests of the process of purification of acid-base wastewater and waste technological solutions from poorly soluble metal compounds, as well as organic compounds of various nature. The high efficiency of the combined use of the reagent method, electroflotation, membrane filtration and sorption methods for wastewater treatment from metal ions and organic pollutants is shown. The following technological indicators of purification efficiency have been achieved: the efficiency of extraction of metal ions in the form of poorly soluble compounds is 96–99%, the efficiency of extraction of petroleum products, industrial oils and surfactants is more than 90%.
ISSN 1995-4301
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