Bioassay as a method of integral assessment for remediation of oil-contaminated ecosystems
E.V. Morachevskaya, L.P. Voronina
Section: Methodology and research methods. Models and forecasts
The development of new technologies and improvement of existing ones for the restoration of oil-contaminated lands,
the neutralization and disposal of oil drilling waste are important measures to solve environmental problems. Bioassay is
successfully used to determine the danger of pollution of environmental objects by oil and oil industry wastes. With the
help of biotests, it is possible to assess the state of contaminated objects, which is not always possible to do by chemicalanalytical methods, considering the complex chemical composition of petroleum hydrocarbons. An analytical review
confirms the need to develop a biotesting system to assess the state of ecosystem components in the event of oil pollution
and to determine the effectiveness of measures to restore them. Taking into account the nature of the pollution, presented
in the article by a number of provisions on the chemical characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons and the duration of the
recovery processes, bioassay should be carried out at each stage of the reclamation process, in dynamics. Determination
of the degree of neutralization of contaminated objects consists in a step-by-step transfer of the hazard level from a higher
class to a lower one. Bioassay, in this case, remains a mandatory method for determining the total toxicity. In the course of
sample preparation for biotesting, it is advisable to consider the possibility of increasing the bioavailability of hydrocarbon
components. A prerequisite for the use of biotesting is the use of eluate and contact approaches. The main methods that
can be included in the abbreviated scheme for determining the efficiency of remediation of oil-contaminated objects can
be considered the method of biotesting using hydrobionts in the eluate (water extract) and phytotesting performed using
the contact and eluate approaches. The battery of biological tests included in the extended scheme should be developed
taking into account the specific case, taking into account the specifics of the ecosystem components, soil and climatic
conditions, the methods of reclamation used, etc. The strategy for the development of biotesting is closely related to the
solution of issues on the assessment of the real danger of oil pollution and the neutralization of oil drilling waste, which
are among the priority ones.
Keywords: bioassay, phytoassay, drilling slurries, reclamation, hazard class
Article published in number 1 for 2022 DOI: 10.25750/1995-4301-2022-1-034-043
ISSN 1995-4301
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