Features of transformation of old oil pollution in the soils of the Arctic zone of Yakutia
Yu.S. Glyaznetsova
Section: Chemistry of natural environments and objects
In the Arctic zone of Yakutia, ecological and analytical studies have been carried out to study the chemical composition of the oil-contaminated soils of the tank farm. The row of informative analytical indicators was used to characterize the composition of oil pollution and assess the features of its biodegradation processes in permafrost soils. The features of the chemical composition of oil pollution in soil samples with a long-term contamination are revealed and are taken into account at developing methods for cleaning soils from "old" oil pollution. An experiment on the biological treatment of soils with a biological product based on indigenous hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms isolated from permofrost soils was conducted. The initial oil content was 34594 mg/kg. After 3 months of incubation of a biological product, along with a decrease in the residual oil content, the composition of pollution changed in the direction of increasing the content of resin-asphaltene components and decreasing − hydrocarbons. The proportion of oxygen-containing groups and bonds has significantly increased in the chemical structure of alcohol-benzene resin. In the composition of alkane hydrocarbons, a redistribution is established both within the homologous series and between different rows of homologues. The established increase in the ratio (Pr+Ph) / (nC17+nC18) in the row: oil (as a pollutant) → initial “old” pollution → altered pollution after 3 months of incubation of the biological product, indicates the destruction of n−alkanes nC17 and nC18, which are least resistant to biodegradation, and relative accumulation more stable isoprenoids of pristan and phytane. The degree of destruction of oil pollution reached 56.6%.
Keywords: transformation, old oil pollution, biodegradation, permafrost soils, asphaltenes and resins components
ISSN 1995-4301
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