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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая и прикладная экология</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1995-4301</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-164-172</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Аэробная деградация углеводородов в холодных кислых почвах: геномное профилирование бактерий-деструкторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Aerobic hydrocarbon degradation in cold acidic soils: genomic profiling of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мошкин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moshkin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>alex.moshkin727@gmail.com</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1182-8247</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Охлопкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ohlopkova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-7828</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адаменко</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Adamenko</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6412-3622</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5234-7329</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><email>ayalekseev@frcftm.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0015-9305</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдинов</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdinov</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9136-3269</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджиев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhiev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-1951</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестопалов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestopalov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-0620</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine</institution><city xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ вирусологии, Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Новосибирск</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dagestan State University</institution><city xml:lang="en">Makhachkala</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Дагестанский государственный университет</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Махачкала</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">NPJSC Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of the Caspian Sea</institution><city xml:lang="en">Aktau</city><country xml:lang="en">Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НАО Казахский научно-исследовательский институт Каспийского моря</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Актау</city><country xml:lang="ru">Казахстан</country></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>172</lpage><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.envjournal.ru/arhvr.php?q=1040" xlink:title="http://www.envjournal.ru/arhvr.php?q=1040">http://www.envjournal.ru/arhvr.php?q=1040</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-06692574-ca2a-4d76-912d-96183e5ad9ae.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целью данной работы является комплексное изучение микробиоты северных почв в районах вечной мерзлоты, отбор психрофильных и ацидофильных штаммов-деструкторов нефтепродуктов, а также полногеномное секвенирование выделенных бактерий для выявления ключевых генетических детерминант их биодеградационной активности. Проанализированы полногеномные последовательности шести штаммов (Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus GAV-1, Lysinibacillus capsici 5a-1, Serratia fonticola 16a-1/24-1/DEST-2, Sporosarcina psychrophila 5b-1), выделенных из нефтезагрязнённых почв (6 образцов). Филогенетическое позиционирование по 16S рРНК подтвердило отнесение изолятов к известным видам и отсутствие выраженной таксономической новизны. Сопоставление протеомов с базой HADEG с использованием Proteinortho/DIAMOND выявило резкое расслоение нефтеокисляющего потенциала: у трёх S. fonticola обнаружено по 19 HADEG-генов на геном (алкановые, ароматические и биосурфактантные модули), у G. creatinolyticus GAV-1 - 17 генов, отнесённых только к ароматическому катаболизму; у S. psychrophila 5b-1 - 4 ароматических гена; у L. capsici 5a-1 - 1 ароматический ген. В ароматическом профиле GAV-1 доминировал протокатехуатный орто-путь (7 генов) при наличии дополнительных подпутей (фенилуксусная кислота, гомопротокатехуат, катехол, толуол). Даже внутри филогенетически "обычных" таксонов формируется существенно различный нефтеокисляющий функционал; S. fonticola выступают кандидатами на роль "универсальных" деструкторов, тогда как G. creatinolyticus, вероятно, специализирован на переработке ароматических промежуточных метаболитов, а S. psychrophila и L. capsici могут выполнить вспомогательные функции в консорциумах холодных кислых почв.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The objective of this work is to conduct a comprehensive study of the microflora of northern soils in permafrost regions, select psychrophilic and acidophilic strains that degrade petroleum products, and perform whole-genome sequencing of the isolated bacteria to identify the key genetic determinants of their biodegradation activity. The whole-genome sequences of six strains (Glutamicobacter creatinolyticus GAV-1, Lysinibacillus capsici 5a-1, Serratia fonticola 16a-1/24-1/DEST-2, Sporosarcina psychrophila 5b-1) isolated from oil-contaminated soils (6 samples). Phylogenetic positioning based on 16S rRNA confirmed the classification of the isolates into known species and the absence of significant taxonomic novelty. Comparison of proteomes with the HADEG database using Proteinortho/DIAMOND revealed a sharp stratification of oil-oxidizing potential: three S. fonticola strains were found to have 19 HADEG genes per genome (alkane, aromatic, and biosurfactant modules), while G. creatinolyticus GAV-1 had 17 genes related only to aromatic catabolism; S. psychrophila 5b-1 had 4 aromatic genes; L. capsici 5a-1 had 1 aromatic gene. The ortho pathway (7 genes) dominated the aromatic profile of GAV-1, with additional subpathways (phenylectic acid, homoprotocatechute, catechol, toluene). Even within phylogenetically "normal" taxa, significantly different oil-oxidizing functions are formed; S. fonticola are candidates for the role of "universal" destructors, while G. creatinolyticus is likely specialized in the processing of aromatic intermediate metabolites, and S. psychrophila and L. capsici may perform auxiliary functions in cold acidic soil consortia.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоремедиация</kwd><kwd>нефтезагрязнённые почвы</kwd><kwd>полногеномное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>S рРНК</kwd><kwd>аэробная деградация углеводородов</kwd><kwd>база данных по аэробной деградации углеводородов (HADEG)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bioremediation</kwd><kwd>oil-contaminated soils</kwd><kwd>whole-genome sequencing</kwd><kwd>S rRNA</kwd><kwd>aerobic degradation of hydrocarbons</kwd><kwd>Hydrocarbon Aerobic Degradation Database (HADEG)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работы выполнены в рамках государственного задания НИИ вирусологии ФИЦ ФТМ №125031903984-1.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Алексеев А.Ю., Забелин В.А., Куц С.А., Пушкарев Н.С. 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