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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая и прикладная экология</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1995-4301</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-123-130</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">О возможности применения винной кислоты и её солей при утилизации отработанных электролитов меднения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the possibility of tartaric acid and its salts application when disposing of waste copper plating electrolytes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумилова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumilova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>shumilovama@udman.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5582-0258</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаусов</surname><given-names>Ф. Ф.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chausov</surname><given-names>F. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4950-2370</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жиров</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhirov</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-8561</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новожилов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novozhiv</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2905-471X</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><city xml:lang="en">Izhevsk</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Удмуртский федеральный исследовательский центр УрО РАН</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Ижевск</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-8b876c2d-5fc8-4e33-99e6-6a4cab4cb1ad.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Отработанные электролиты, представляя угрозу для окружающей среды при несанкционированном сливе, являются вторичным источником получения цветных металлов. Проведены исследования по определению оптимальных условий и физико-химических закономерностей образования тартатов меди(II), полученных в результате осаждения отработанного электролита меднения растворами винной кислот и её солей. Установлено, что мольное соотношение реагент:медь(II) для винной кислоты и тартрата аммония равняется 2:1, а для тартрата калия-натрия - 1,5:1. Степень извлечения меди из электролита превышает 98 % при pH 3,5-4,0. Найдено, что реакцию ионов меди с раствором винной кислоты лучше осуществлять в режиме синхронного осаждения, а взаимодействие с солями винной кислоты лучше проводить в варианте прямого осаждения. Описана работа предлагаемого технологического модуля по выделению концентратов меди из отработанного электролита. Ежегодно в России в гальванические стоки попадает до 2500 т меди стоимостью 580-620 тыс. руб./т; таким образом, использование предлагаемого модуля позволяет осуществить возврат ценного металла, обеспечивая существенную компенсацию затрат.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>Spent electrolytes, which pose a threat to the environment if unauthorized, are a secondary source for obtaining non-ferrous metals. Research has been conducted to determine the optimal conditions and physicochemical patterns of formation of copper(II) tartrates obtained as a result of precipitation of waste copper plating electrolyte (WCPE) with solutions of tartaric acid and its salts. It was established that the molar ratio of reagent:copper(II) for tartaric acid and ammonium tartrate is 2:1, and for potassium sodium tartrate - 1.5:1. The extraction ratio of copper from the electrolyte exceeds 98 % in the pH range of 3.5-4.0. We studied the effect of the order of reagent mixing on the completeness of metal ions extraction from WCPE, as well as the structure and composition of the resulting precipitates. It was found that the reaction of copper ions with a tartaric acid solution is best carried out in the synchronous precipitation mode, and the interaction with tartaric acid salts is best carried out in the direct precipitation mode. Using synchronous thermal analysis, it was proven that in the direct precipitation mode, monohydrate is formed, and in the synchronous mode, copper tartrate dihydrate is formed. Consequently, the production process technology must provide for the possibility of using both direct and synchronous deposition of metals, based on the optimal conditions for their isolation. The operation of the proposed technological module for the extraction of copper concentrates from spent electrolyte is described.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отработанный раствор меднения</kwd><kwd>винная кислота</kwd><kwd>калий-натрий виннокислый</kwd><kwd>тартрат аммония</kwd><kwd>прямое осаждение</kwd><kwd>синхронное осаждение</kwd><kwd>технологический модуль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>waste copper plating solution</kwd><kwd>tartaric acid</kwd><kwd>potassium-sodium tartrate</kwd><kwd>ammonium tartrate</kwd><kwd>direct precipitation</kwd><kwd>synchronous precipitation</kwd><kwd>process module</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Ашуйко В.А., Акулич Н.Е., Иванова Н.П., Кандидатова И.Н. 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