Теоретическая и прикладная экология1995-43012618-840610.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-079-086OtherВлияние пиретроидов на биохимические параметры и морфофункциональное состояние живородки речной (Viviparus viviparus L.)Pyrethroids effect on biochemical parameters and morphofunctional state of Viviparus viviparus L.ТишинаE. A.TishinaE. A.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8329-7855ДрогановаT. S.DroganovaT. S.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-7392ПоликарповаL. V.PolikarpovaL. V.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5459-3054АрешидзеD. A.AreshidzeD. A.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3006-6281ВасильевN. V.VasilievN. V.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8215-6687State University of EducationMystichiRussiaГосударственный университет просвещенияМытищиРоссияResearch Institute of Human Morphology named after Academician A.P. Avtsyn FGBNU "Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after Academician B.V. PetrovskyMoscowRussiaНаучно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына ФГБНУ "Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. ПетровскогоМоскваРоссия2909202637986http://www.envjournal.ru/arhvr.php?q=949

Исследовано влияние пиретроидов на морфофункциональное состояние и активность фермента обменного комплекса кислой фосфатазы (КФ) в тканях пищеварительной железы (гепатопанкреаса) пресноводного моллюска живородки речной (Viviparus viviparus L.). Альфа-циперметрин и лямбда-цигалотрин, применявшиеся в эксперименте, относятся к синтетическим пиретроидам. По механизму действия на насекомых они являются нейротропными веществами и используются в качестве инсектицидов в различных направлениях борьбы с насекомыми. При остром воздействии альфа-циперметрин и лямбда-цигалотрин вызывают увеличение активности КФ в 3-5 раз относительно значений, полученных в контрольной группе животных. При проведении энзим-электрофореза в опытных группах на фоне увеличения активности КФ под действием пиретроидов отмечен синтез новых множественных форм фермента в гепатопанкреасе моллюсков. При оценке морфологического состояния тканей гепатопанкреаса живородки речной отмечено появление клеток в состоянии кариопикноза, кариорексиса, кариолизиса и единичные некротизированные клетки. Полученные результаты активности и изменения в составе множественных форм КФ живородки речной в нормальных условиях и при воздействии альфа-циперметрина и лямбда-цигалотрина свидетельствуют о формировании неспецифической адаптации в ответ на действие пиретроидных пестицидов.

The effect of pyrethroids on the morphofunctional state and activity of the acid phosphatase (AcP, enzyme of the metabolic complex) in the digestive gland (hepatopancreas) tissues of the freshwater mollusk Viviparus viviparus L. was studied. Used in the experiment alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin are synthetic pyrethroids. They are neurotropic substances by mechanism of action and are used as insecticides in various insect control directions. At acute exposure both alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin cause 3-5 times increase of AcP activity relative to the values obtained in the control group of animals. During enzyme electrophoresis in the experimental groups against the background of the increase in the AcP activity exposed to pyrethroids, synthesis of new multiple forms of the enzyme in the hepatopancreas of mollusks was noted. When assessing the morphological state of hepatopancreas tissues of the *V. viviparus*, the cells with karyopycnosis, karyorexis, karyolysis as well as single necrotised cells were detected. The obtained results of AcP activity and changes in the composition of AcP multiple forms upon exposure and non-exposure to alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin indicate the formation of non-specific adaptation in response to pyrethroid pesticides.

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