Теоретическая и прикладная экология1995-43012618-840610.25750/1995-4301-2026-3-006-016OtherПотоки парниковых газов в приморских водно-болотных экосистемах тропиков и субтропиков: обзорGreenhouse gases fluxes from (sub)tropical blue carbon ecosystems: a reviewВатутинГ. Д.VatutinG. D.georgyvatutin@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-7043-0054ФилимоненкоЕ. А.FilimonenkoE. A.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-4514Sirius University of Science and TechnologySirius Federal TerritoryRussiaАвтономная некоммерческая образовательная организация высшего образования "Научно-технологический университет СириусРоссия, федеральная территория «Сириус»Россия290920263616http://www.envjournal.ru/arhvr.php?q=968

Водно-болотные угодья играют важнейшую роль в глобальном углеродном цикле. Генерализация данных о потоках климатически активных газов - метана (CH4), оксида азота(I) (N2O) и углекислого газа (CO2) из приморских водно-болотных угодний субтропической и тропической зоны вывива, что они являются их источниками со средними величинами эмиссии 187 ± 19 мг CO2/м2/ч; 7,6 ± 1,0 мг CH4/м2/ч; 0,13 ± 0,05 мг N2O/м2/ч. Скорость эмиссии парниковых газов снижается с ростом солёности морских вод и смещением pH почв в области кислых или щелочных величин. В субтропических приморских водно-болотных угодьях снижение температуры почв и содержания в них органического вещества в зимний период уменьшают скорости эмиссии углекислого газа и метана. В тропической зоне высокая интенсивность эмиссии углекислого газа и оксида азота(I) наблюдается в засушливый период, а скорость эмиссии метана повышается в сезон дождей. Эмиссия углекислого газа и метана из прибрежных водно-болотных угодний, расположенных в тропическом муссонном типе климата, значительно выше в сравнении с аналогичными значениями для приморских водно-болотных экосистем, локализованных в постоянно влажном и сезонно-влажном типах климата. Среди приморских водно-болотных экосистем тропиков и субтропиков наибольшей скоростью эмиссии климатически активных газов характеризуются пресноводные марши и прибрежные болота.

Blue carbon ecosystems are crucial for global carbon cycle. Fluxes of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) from subtropical and tropical coastal wetlands revealed that these ecosystems act as net sources, with mean emission rates of 187 ± 19 mg CO2/m²/h, 7.6 ± 1.0 mg CH4/m²/h, and 0.13 ± 0.05 mg N2O/m²/h. Greenhouse gas emission rates decrease with increasing water salinity and soil pH shifts towards acidic or alkaline values. In subtropical coastal wetlands, lower both soil temperatures and organic matter content during the winter decrease emission rates of carbon dioxide and methane. In subtropical coastal wetlands lower both soil temperatures and organic matter content during the winter decrease emission rates of carbon dioxide and methane. In the tropical zone, high emission of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide are observed during the dry season, whereas methane emissions peak during the wet season. Coastal wetlands located in tropical monsoon climates exhibit significantly higher carbon dioxide and methane emissions compared to those in tropical rainforest (constantly humid) and tropical savanna (seasonally humid) climate types. Among coastal wetland ecosystems in the tropics and subtropics, freshwater marshes and coastal swamps are characterized by the highest emission rates of climatically active gases.

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