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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая и прикладная экология</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1995-4301</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-174-182</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Влияние токсикантов анионного типа на состояние тканей гепатопанкреаса живородки речной (Viviparus viviparus L.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anionic toxicants’ effect on Viviparus viviparus L. hepatopancreas tissues</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дроганова</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Droganova</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>tatyanadroganova@gmail.com</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-7392</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazareva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3909-7549</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поликарпова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polikarpova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5459-3054</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арешидзе</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Areshidze</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3006-6281</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8215-6687</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State University of Education</institution><city xml:lang="en">Moscow</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный университет просвещения</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Москва</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution><city xml:lang="en">Moscow</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИМЧ им. акад. А.П. Авцына" ФГБНУ "РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Москва</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-25"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><fpage>174</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v2/26217.pdf" xlink:title="http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v2/26217.pdf">http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v2/26217.pdf</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-5c80f686-01b4-4914-acdc-c28609ece277.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследовано действие повышенных концентраций экотоксикантов анионного типа (на примере нитрати арсенат-анионов) на морфофункциональное состояние ткани и активность кислых фосфатаз (КФ) гепатопанкреаса моллюска живородка речная (Viviparus viviparus L.). Изменение удельной активности кислой фосфатазы у моллюсков в тканях гепатопанкреаса свидетельствует о нарушении метаболизма у исследованных животных, что подтверждается при оценке морфофункционального состояния тканей. При действии нитрат-ионов отмечаются сравнительно небольшие фазы повышения и снижения удельной активности КФ (в 1,5 раза по сравнению с контрольными значениями). К 96 часам экспозиции активность фермента остаётся выше контрольных значений. Действие арсенат-ионов приводит к более выраженной патологии тканей и существенному изменению удельной активности фермента, которая не стабилизируется даже через 30 суток после удаления токсиканта из воды. Полученные данные могут быть использованы в эколого-биохимическом мониторинге загрязнений пресных вод.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The effect of elevated concentrations of anionic ecotoxicants (using nitrate and arsenate anions as an example) on the morphofunctional state of tissue and the activity of acid phosphatases (AсP) in the Viviparus viviparus L. hepatopancreas was studied. It was found that the phases of AcP activity after exposure to the nitrate and arsenate ions do not coincide with those in the control. Changes in the specific activity of acid phosphatase in the tissues of the hepatopancreas of mollusks were not accompanied by a change in the number of multiple forms and indicated a metabolic disorder in the animals studied. The latter was confirmed by an assessment of the tissues morphofunctional state. When exposed to nitrate anions, there are relatively small phases of increase and decrease in the specific activity of AcP (by 1.5 times compared to the control values). The enzyme activity remains above control values by 96 hours of exposure. Morphological changes are heterogeneous - some epithelial cells are necrotic, in some sites the epithelial cells are hypertrophied, vacuolated, but not destroyed. The exposure to arsenate anions leads to more pronounced tissue pathology (the nuclei of epithelial cells are at different stages of destruction, the tubules are deformed or destroyed, the stroma grows) and a significant change in enzyme specific activity, which does not stabilize even 30 days after the toxicant removal from the water. The AcP activity in V. viviparus can be a marker of toxic effects on living organisms in ecological and biochemical monitoring of freshwater pollution.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нитрати арсенат-анионы</kwd><kwd>эколого-биохимический мониторинг</kwd><kwd>гидробионты</kwd><kwd>живородка речная</kwd><kwd>кислая фосфатаза</kwd><kwd>активность ферментов</kwd><kwd>множественные формы ферментов</kwd><kwd>морфофункциональное состояние</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ecological and biochemical monitoring</kwd><kwd>aquatic organisms</kwd><kwd>Viviparus viviparus</kwd><kwd>acid phosphatase</kwd><kwd>enzyme activity</kwd><kwd>multiple forms of enzymes</kwd><kwd>nitrate and arsenate anions</kwd><kwd>morphofunctional state</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">1. Дроганова Т.С., Поликарпова Л.В., Коничев А.С. 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