Теоретическая и прикладная экология1995-43012618-840610.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-165-173OtherБиоаккумуляция и биохимические эффекты дизельного топлива на организм средиземноморской мидии Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819Bioaccumulation and biochemical effects of diesel on Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819СкуратовскаяЕ. Н.SkuratovskayaE. N.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-5065АлёмовС. В.AlyomovS. V.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-0027СигачеваТ. Б.SigachevaT. B.sigacheva.t@ibss-ras.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-898XСербинаА. В.SerbinaA. V.https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1819-6550A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RASSevastopolRussiaИнститут биологии южных морей имени А. О. Ковалевского РАНСевастопольРоссияSevastopol State UniversitySevastopolRussiaСевастопольский государственный университетСевастопольРоссия250620262165173http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v2/26216.pdf

Загрязнение водоёмов нефтяными углеводородами является серьёзной экологической проблемой и требует детального изучения вопросов их накопления в тканях гидробионтов и выявления биомаркеров, информативных для оценки функционального состояния животных в условиях нефтяного загрязнения. Цель работы - изучение влияния дизельного топлива (ДТ) в концентрациях 0,5 и 1 мг/л на биоаккумуляцию, параметры прооксидантно-антиоксидантной системы (уровень окислительной модификации белков и перекисного окисления липидов, активность антиоксидантных ферментов (супероксиддисмутазы (СОД), каталазы (КАТ)) и активности аминотрансфераз (аспартатаминотрансферазы, аланинаминотрансферазы) в гепатопанкреасе мидии Mytilus galloprovincialis после пяти дней экспозиции. Результаты исследований позволили установить, что концентрация углеводородов в гепатопанкреасе моллюсков из контроля, I и II экспериментальных групп составляла 0,01, 0,10 и 1,43 мг/г сухой массы, соответственно. Уровень перекисного окисления липидов был достоверно выше в гепатопанкреасе мидий при концентрациях ДТ 0,5 и 1 мг/л (+59 %, +95 %, соответственно) по сравнению с контрольной группой (p < 0,05). Уровень альдегидов нейтрального характера в обеих экспериментальных группах и альдегидов основного характера во II группе был достоверно выше (+59 %, +47 %, 52 %, соответственно) значений соответствующих показателей в контроле (p < 0,05). Активность СОД в гепатопанкреасе мидий из II группы была значительно выше по сравнению с контролем (+30 %) и I группой (+45 %) (p < 0,05). В то же время активность КАТ была достоверно ниже у моллюсков из II группы по сравнению с аналогичным параметром у особей из контроля (-125 %) и I группы (-114 %) (p < 0,05). Активность аминотрансфераз не отличалась в контрольной и опытных группах. Таким образом, установлена высокая чувствительность показателей прооксидантно-антиоксидантной системы гепатопанкреаса M. galloprovin-cialis к нефтяным углеводородам, что позволяет рекомендовать их в качестве релевантных биомаркеров для оценки функционального состояния моллюсков в условиях нефтяного загрязнения.

Petroleum hydrocarbons’ pollution of the aquatic environment is a serious ecological problem. This requires a detailed study of their accumulation in the tissues of aquatic organisms and identification of informative biomarkers to assess the animals’ functional state under oil pollution. The aim of the work was to study diesel (DF) effect on the bioaccumulation, prooxidant-antioxidant system (level of oxidized proteins and lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities) and aminotransferase (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase) activities in the Mytilus galloprovincialis hepatopancreas after five days’ experiment. It was shown that hydrocarbon content in mussels’ hepatopancreas in the control, I (0.5 mg/L DF) and II (1 mg/L DF) experimental groups were 0.01, 0.10 and 1.43 mg/g dry weight, respectively. The level of lipid peroxidation in I and II experimental groups was significantly higher (+59 % and +95 %, respectively) as compared to the control (p < 0.05). The levels of neutral aldehydes from both experimental groups and basic aldehydes from II group significantly increased (+59 %, +47 %, 52 %, respectively) as compared to the control (p < 0.05). SOD activity in II group mussels was significantly higher compared to the control (+30 %) and I group (+45 %) (p < 0.05). Contrastingly, CAT activity in II group mollusks was significantly lower as compared to the control (-125 %) and I group (-114 %) (p < 0.05). Aminotransferase activities did not differ in the control and the experimental groups. Thus, it was determined, that parameters of prooxidant-antioxidant system demonstrate high sensitivity to DF and can be used as biomarkers for assessing the functional state of mollusks in oil polluted environment.

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The authors thank T.E. Alyomova for help in experimental design.