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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая и прикладная экология</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1995-4301</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-117-128</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Состояние лишайниково-сосновой эпифитной микробиоты в районе бывшего объекта уничтожения химического оружия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The state of the lichen-pine epiphytic microbiota in the area of a former chemical weapons destruction facility</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домрачева</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Domracheva</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7104-3337</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашихмина</surname><given-names>Т. Я.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashikhmina</surname><given-names>T. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><email>ecolab2@gmail.com</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4919-0047</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домнина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Domnina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-8606</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коротких</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotkikh</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-371X</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трефилова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trefilova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-5803</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковина</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovina</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0503-3402</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимонов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timonov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-3051</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vyatka State Agrotechnological University</institution><city xml:lang="en">Kirov</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><city xml:lang="en">Syktyvkar</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Вятский государственный агротехнологический университет</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Киров</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Сыктывкар</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vyatka State University</institution><city xml:lang="en">Kirov</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Вятский государственный университет</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Киров</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-25"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><self-uri xlink:href="http://envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v2/26211.pdf" xlink:title="http://envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v2/26211.pdf">http://envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v2/26211.pdf</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-da345bda-a5b4-4c42-a062-db4af73787b4.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлена характеристика эпифитных микробных комплексов лишайника Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl (Parmeliaceae) и коры сосны Pinus sylvestris L., на которой произрастает лишайник, собранных на участках, расположенных на разном удалении от бывшего объекта хранения и уничтожения химического оружия (ХО) "Марадыковский". Установлено, что численность эпифитной микробиоты H. physodes и субстрата её произрастания различается как между разными участками отбора, так и между талломами лишайника и корой. Между численностью эпифитной микробиоты лишайника и коры сосны существует высокая положительная корреляционная связь (r = 0,98-0,92). При всех существенных количественных отличиях эпифитных сообществ лишайника и коры сосны основным структурным элементом их стабильно выступают бактерии-аммонификаторы. Отмечена зависимость, со-гласно которой таллом лишайника H. physodes, обладая высокой метаболической активностью, заселён различными группами эпифитных микроорганизмов. Проведённый химический анализ, направленный на определение содержания основных химических элементов в талломах лишайника, также выявил неоднородность их содержания в талломах на исследуемых участках. Известно, что любые экологически обусловленные изменения биохимического состава субстрата (слоевищ лишайника и коры сосны) отражаются на численности и структуре микробного комплекса. Вы-явлена максимальная заселённость таллома эпифитной микробиотой в варианте с лишайником H. physodes на сосне с участка, расположенного недалеко от бывшего объекта уничтожения ХО, при минимальном содержании в нём тяжёлых металлов (ТМ) и высоком уровне макро и микроэлементов. На участке, расположенном вблизи от бывшего объекта хранения ХО и железнодорожной магистрали федерального значения, выявлена минимальная численность микроорганизмов и более высокое содержание ТМ. Подобное изменение численности и структуры микробного комплекса свидетельствует о влиянии техногенной нагрузки различного характера на развитие микробиоты, что может использоваться при проведении экологического мониторинга как диагностический признак трансформации среды.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The article presents the characteristics of epiphytic microbial complexes of the Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl (Par-meliaceae) lichen and on the Pinus sylvestris L. bark, on which the lichen grows. The samples were collected in the sites located at different distances from the former chemical weapons (CW) storage and destruction facility "Maradykovsky". It was established that the abundance of the epiphytic microbiota of H. physodes and the substrate of its growth varies both between different sampling sites and between lichen thalli and bark. There is a high positive correlation between the abundance of epiphytic microbiota of the lichen and pine bark (r = 0.98-0.92). Despite all the significant quantitative differences between the epiphytic communities of lichen and pine bark, ammonifying bacteria consistently act as their main structural element. A relationship was noted whereby the thallus of the lichen H. physodes, possessing high metabolic activity, is populated by various groups of epiphytic microorganisms. A chemical analysis aimed at determining the content of essential chemical elements in the lichen thalli also revealed heterogeneity in their accumulation in the thalli across the study sites. It is known that any environmentally induced changes in the biochemical composition of the substrate (lichen thalli and pine bark) affect the abundance and structure of the microbial community. A probable association (p - 0.008) was established between the maximum thallus colonization by epiphytic microbiota in H. physodes lichen variant on a pine tree from a site located near a former chemical weapons destruction facility, which had minimal heavy metal (HM) content and high levels of macroand microelements, and the microbiome of this lichen from a site located near a former chemical weapons storage facility and a federal railway line, where minimal microbial populations and higher HM content were detected. Such a change in the abundance and structure of the microbial complex indicates the influence of various technogenic loads on the development of the microbiota, which can be used in environmental monitoring as a diagnostic indicator of environmental transformation.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>holobionts</kwd><kwd>Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl</kwd><kwd>Pinus sylvestris L. bark</kwd><kwd>epiphytic microorganisms</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl</kwd><kwd>кора Pinus sylvestris L</kwd><kwd>эпифитные микроорганизмы</kwd><kwd>холобионты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Института биологии ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН (№ 125021402208-5).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">1. Gauslaa Y., Lie M., Ohlson M. Epiphytic lichen biomass in a boreal Norway spruce forest // The Lichenologist. 2008. V. 40. No. 3. P. 257–266. doi: 10.1017/S0024282908007664</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">2. Bacon C.W., White J.F. Functions, mechanisms and regulation of endophytic and epiphytic microbial communities of plants // Symbiosis. 2016. V. 68. 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